The Halogen Occultation Experiment

Russell, James M.; Gordley, L. L.; Park, Jae H.; Drayson, S. Roland; Hesketh, W. D.; Cicerone, Ralph J.; Tuck, A. F.; Frederick, John E.; Harries, J. E.; Crutzen, Paul J.

doi:10.1029/93jd00799

Cited by 886 publications

(647 citation statements)

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“…This source gives a substantial contribution to the stratospheric water vapour budget, resulting in increasing stratospheric H 2 O mixing ratios towards higher latitudes and altitudes, except for regions with strong dehydration. Modeled water vapour mixing ratios are compared to observations from the Halogen Occultation Experiment (HALOE) instrument on the Upper Atmospheric Research Satellite (UARS, Harries et al, 1996;Russell et al, 1993). HALOE sunset observations (http://haloedata.larc.nasa.gov/home.html) have been evaluated with data retrieval version 19 for the years 1993-1996.…”

Section: Zonal Mean Ozone Mixing Ratiosmentioning

confidence: 99%

Results of an interactively coupled atmospheric chemistry – general circulation model: Comparison with observations

et al. 2001

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Abstract.The coupled climate-chemistry model ECHAM4.L39(DLR)/CHEM is presented which enables a simultaneous treatment of meteorology and atmospheric chemistry and their feedbacks. This is the first model which interactively combines a general circulation model with a chemical model, employing most of the important reactions and species necessary to describe the stratospheric and upper tropospheric ozone chemistry, and which is computationally fast enough to allow long-term integrations with currently available computer resources. This is possible as the model time-step used for the chemistry can be chosen as large as the integration time-step for the dynamics. Vertically the atmosphere is discretized by 39 levels from the surface up to the top layer which is centered at 10 hPa, with a relatively high vertical resolution of approximately 700 m near the extra-tropical tropopause. We present the results of a control simulation representing recent conditions (1990) and compare it to available observations. The focus is on investigations of stratospheric dynamics and chemistry relevant to describe the stratospheric ozone layer.ECHAM4.L39(DLR)/CHEM reproduces main features of stratospheric dynamics in the arctic vortex region, including stratospheric warming events. This constitutes a major improvement compared to earlier model versions. However, apparent shortcomings in antarctic circulation and temperatures persist. The seasonal and interannual variability of the ozone layer is simulated in accordance with observations. Activation and deactivation of chlorine in the polar stratospheric vortices and their inter-hemispheric differences are reproduced. Considering methane oxidation as part of the dynamic-chemistry feedback results in an improved representation of the spatial distribution of stratospheric water vapour concentrations.The current model constitutes a powerful tool to investigate, for instance, the combined direct and indirect effects of anthropogenic trace gas emissions. Key words. Atmospheric composition and structure (mid-Correspondence to: M. Dameris (martin.dameris@dlr.de) dle atmosphere -composition and chemistry) -Meteorology and atmospheric dynamics (general circulation; middle atmosphere dynamics)

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Section: Zonal Mean Ozone Mixing Ratiosmentioning

confidence: 99%

Results of an interactively coupled atmospheric chemistry – general circulation model: Comparison with observations

et al. 2001

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“…[16] The Halogen Occultation Experiment [Russell et al, 1993] was launched on the Upper Atmosphere Research Satellite (UARS) in September 1991 into a precessing 585 km altitude and 57°inclination orbit.…”

Section: Haloe Instrumentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Validation of Odin/OSIRIS stratospheric NO₂ profiles

Brohede¹,

Haley²,

McLinden³

et al. 2007

J. Geophys. Res.

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[1] This paper presents the validation study of stratospheric NO 2 profiles retrieved from Odin/OSIRIS measurements of limb-scattered sunlight (version 2.4). The Optical Spectrograph and Infrared Imager System (OSIRIS) NO 2 data set is compared to coincident solar occultation measurements by the Halogen Occultation Experiment (HALOE), Stratospheric Aerosol and Gas Experiment (SAGE) II, SAGE III, and Polar Ozone and Aerosol Measurement (POAM) III during the 2002-2004 period. Comparisons with seven Systeme d'Analyse par Observation Zenithal (SAOZ) balloon measurements are also presented. All comparisons show good agreement, with differences, both random and systematic, of less than 20% between 25 km and 35 km. Inconsistencies with SAGE III below 25 km are found to be caused primarily by diurnal effects from varying NO 2 concentrations along the SAGE III line-of-sight. On the basis of the differences, the OSIRIS random uncertainty is estimated to be 16% between 15 km and 25 km, 6% between 25 km and 35 km, and 9% between 35 km and 40 km. The estimated systematic uncertainty is about 22% between 15 and 25 km, 11-21% between 25 km and 35 km, and 11-31% between 35 km and 40 km. The uncertainties for AM (sunrise) profiles are generally largest and systematic deviations are found to be larger at equatorial latitudes. The results of this validation study show that the OSIRIS NO 2 profiles are well behaved, with reasonable uncertainty estimates between 15 km and 40 km. This unique NO 2 data set, with more than hemispheric coverage and high vertical resolution will be of particular interest for studies of nitrogen chemistry in the middle atmosphere, which is closely linked to ozone depletion.

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“…Cravens and Stewart [1978] showed that the global distribution of NO in the lower thermosphere is asymmetric about the geographic and geomagnetic poles and suggested that horizontal transport was responsible. The Halogen Occultation Experiment (HALOE) on NASA's Upper Atmosphere Research Satellite (UARS) has acquired an extensive record of the global variability of NO throughout the middle atmosphere and lower thermosphere during its six years of operations [Russell et al, 1993]. Because HALOE uses the solar occultation technique, however, it requires many weeks to provide extensive global cow Copyright 1997 by the American Geophysical Union.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%