The heterogeneous band microstructure and mechanical performance in a wire + arc additively manufactured 2219 Al alloy

Microstructure and weakening mechanism of additive-manufactured Al–Cu alloy under different heat input

“…It was noteworthy that the fine equiaxed zones were found in the deposition layer boundary (Figure 4(c)), since the prior precipitated particles such as Al 3 Zr at the molten pool boundary improved the nucleation rate significantly. 12,22…”

“…As shown in Figure 4 It was noteworthy that the fine equiaxed zones were found in the deposition layer boundary (Figure 4(c)), since the prior precipitated particles such as Al 3 Zr at the molten pool boundary improved the nucleation rate significantly. 12,22 Figure 5(a) to (e) exhibits the microstructure of the samples deposited at several HI values. The microstructure consisted of alternate distribution of columnar and equiaxed grains.…”

“…The previous studies on the WAAM Al alloy also focused on how to obtain higher and more isotropic mechanical properties. For this purpose, heat treatment, 7,13 interlayer cold working, [14][15][16] arc mode conversion, 17,18 hybrid heat source, 19,20 laser shock peening, 21 water cooling, 22 double-wire 23 and particle addition 24 were applied to improve the mechanical properties of Al alloy during or after the WAAM process.…”