The High Potency of Polymeric Nanoparticles in the Drug Delivery System for Hypertension Treatment: A Systematic Review

Abstract

Background: Polymeric nanomaterials with size ranging from 10 to 1000 nm are one of the most widely used types of nanoparticles with ideal properties in the drug delivery systems. Here, we decided to systematically review the antihypertensive effects of polymeric nanomaterials in vitro, in vivo, and clinical trials. Methods: The present review was conducted based on the 06- PRISMA guideline; whereas five English databases, including Scopus, PubMed, Web of Science, EMBASE, and Google Scholar without time limitation were used for searching the publications related to antihypertensive effects of natural and synthetic polymeric nanoparticles. Results: The results demonstrated that among 1701 papers, 25 papers including 11 in vitro (44%), 6 in vivo (24%), 7 in vitro / in vivo (28%), and 1 in vitro / ex vivo (4%) up to 2020, met the inclusion criteria for discussion in this systematic review. The most used nanoparticles poly-(lactic-co-glycolic) acid nanoparticle (PLGANPs) (7, 29.2%), chitosan based nanoparticles (6, 25%), followed by polylactide acid nanoparticles (5, 20.8%). Conclusion: We concluded that the high potency of polymeric nanoparticles in the drug delivery system for hypertension treatment. Although the accurate mechanisms are not fully understood; however, some mechanisms such as sustained release forms with increased bioavailability, increasing oral bioavailability and improve the oral and non-oral absorption, counteracting excessive superoxide and decreasing blood pressure, etc can be related these nanoparticles.

Nanoparticle-Based Therapies in Hypertension

“…We selected studies via PubMed search and evaluated references identified in key reviews. 2,3,6,[13][14][15] To limit the scope to those with the greatest translational potential, we included only articles published within the last 10 years. Furthermore, we included only studies assessing nanoformulations in vivo, including 1 patient study (Table S2).…”

“…1 Early hypertension stages lack specific clinical symptoms, but when left unchecked sufferers are at higher risk of heart failure, coronary artery disease, angina, myocardial infarction, thrombosis, and cerebral hemorrhage, which put the heart, brain, and kidneys at significant risk. 1,2 These numbers are severely exacerbated by poor patient compliance with medications due to frequent dosing requirements and undesirable side effects. Adding further complication is the prevalence of treatment-resistant hypertension, defined by BP remaining elevated despite treatment with 3 different classes of antihypertensives at optimal or maximal dosing concurrently.…”

5-Fluorouracil-Immobilized Hyaluronic Acid Hydrogel Arrays on an Electrospun Bilayer Membrane as a Drug Patch

“…It is an essential technology used to selectively deliver a drug according to the site of the disease or to release the drug periodically while controlling the released amount. However, the effectiveness of these systems is still not satisfactory for clinical applications [ 20 , 21 , 22 , 23 , 24 , 25 , 26 ]. Several studies have been conducted to create micro- or nanosized ultrafine structures, based on micro- and nanotechnologies, to deliver cancer-killing drugs to cancer cells [ 27 , 28 , 29 , 30 , 31 , 32 , 33 , 34 , 35 , 36 ].…”