The hornworts: morphology, evolution and development

Frangedakis, Eftychios; Shimamura, Masaki; Villarreal, Juan Carlos; Li, Fay‐Wei; Tomaselli, Marta; Waller, Manuel; Sakakibara, Keiko; Renzaglia, Karen S.; Szövényi, Péter

doi:10.1111/nph.16874

Cited by 66 publications

(55 citation statements)

References 171 publications

(282 reference statements)

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“…An added 'symbiotic' dimension in hornworts is the ubiquitous presence of N 2 -fixing cyanobacteria endophytes in this group (Renzaglia et al 2009, Frangedakis et al 2021, mostly in the genus Nostoc Vaucher ex Bornet & Flahault, which have been shown to transfer up to 80% of their fixed nitrogen to their hornwort hosts (Adams 2002, Adams & Duggan 2008) (Fig. 6E).…”

Section: Fungal Associations In Hornwortsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Advances in understanding of mycorrhizal-like associations in bryophytes

Pressel

Bidartondo

Field

et al. 2021

BDE

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Mutually beneficial associations between plants and soil fungi, mycorrhizas, are one of the most important terrestrial symbioses. These partnerships are thought to have propelled plant terrestrialisation some 500 million years ago and today they play major roles in ecosystem functioning. It has long been known that bryophytes harbour, in their living tissues, fungal symbionts, recently identified as belonging to the three mycorrhizal fungal lineages Glomeromycotina, Ascomycota and Basidiomycota. Latest advances in understanding of fungal associations in bryophytes have been largely driven by the discovery, nearly a decade ago, that early divergent liverwort clades, including the most basal Haplomitriopsida, and some hornworts, engage with a wider repertoire of fungal symbionts than previously thought, including endogonaceous members of the ancient sub-phylum Mucoromycotina. Subsequent global molecular and cytological studies have revealed that Mucoromycotina symbionts, alongside Glomeromycotina, are widespread in both complex and simple thalloid liverworts and throughout hornworts, with physiological studies confirming that, in liverworts at least, these associations are mycorrhizal-like, and highlighting important functional differences between Mucoromycotina and Glomeromycotina symbioses. Whether a more prominent role of Mucoromycotina symbionts in plant nitrogen nutrition, as identified in liverworts, extends to other plant lineages, including the flowering plants, is a major topic for future research. The latest finding that ascomycete symbionts of leafy liverworts are not restricted to one fungus, Rhizoscyphus ericae, but include species in the genus Meliniomyces, as shown here in Mylia anomala, together with the recent demonstration that R. ericae forms nutritional mutualisms with the rhizoids of Cephalozia bicuspidata, fill other major gaps in our growing knowledge of fungal associations across land plants.

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Section: Fungal Associations In Hornwortsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Advances in understanding of mycorrhizal-like associations in bryophytes

Pressel

Bidartondo

Field

et al. 2021

BDE

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“…The 49 mitogenomes from 34 moss genera (e.g., Liu et al 2014b;Vigalondo et al 2016) are typically smaller (101-141 Kb, median ~107 Kb) than those of other land plants (Mower 2020). The six mitogenomes of hornworts, sampled from four genera (Li et al 2009;Xue et al 2009;Dong et al 2018a;Villarreal et al 2018;gerke et al 2019;Frangedakis et al 2020), are larger in size (185-242 Kb, average, ~208 Kb). The 56 mitogenomes, from 33 liverwort genera (oda et al 1992;Wang et al 2009;Ślipiko et al 2017;Myszczynìski et al 2018;Dong et al 2019a), are intermediate in size between those of mosses and hornworts (142-187 Kb, median ~164 Kb).…”

Section: Bryophyte Mitochondrial Genome Sizementioning

confidence: 99%

“…The 56 mitogenomes from 33 liverwort genera (oda et al 1992;Wang et al 2009;Ślipiko et al 2017;Myszczynìski et al 2018;Dong et al 2019a) hold a relatively larger gene set, including 39-43 PCgs, 25-27 tRNas, and three rRNas. The six mitogenomes of hornworts sampled from four genera (Li et al 2009;Xue et al 2009;Dong et al 2018a;Villarreal et al 2018;gerke et al 2019;Frangedakis et al 2020) encoded a reduced gene set with 21-23 PCgs, 18-23 tRNas, and 3 rRNas. around ten protein-coding genes are pseudogenized in each of the hornwort mitogenomes, most of them being ribosomal protein genes (Figs.…”

Section: Bryophyte Mitochondrial Gene Contentmentioning

confidence: 99%

The mitochondrial genomes of bryophytes

Dong

Liu

2021

BDE

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In contrast to the highly variable mitogenomes of vascular plants, the composition and architecture of mitogenomes within the three bryophyte lineages appear stable and invariant. Currently, complete mitogenomes are available from 113 bryophyte accessions of 71 genera and 28 orders. Liverworts and mosses hold a rich mitochondrial (mt) gene repertoire among land plants with 40–42 protein-coding genes, whereas hornworts maintain the smallest functional gene set among land plants, of only around two dozen protein-coding genes, with the majority of ribosomal genes pseudogenized and all cytochrome c maturase genes lost. The rRNA and tRNA genes are also conserved and rich in mosses and liverworts, whereas subject to patchy losses in hornworts. In contrast to the conserved gene set, intron content varies significantly with only one intron shared among the three bryophyte lineages. Bryophytes hold relatively compact mitogenomes with narrow size fluctuations. Among the three bryophyte lineages, intergenic spacers and repeat content are smallest in mosses, largest in hornworts, and intermediate in liverworts, mirroring their size differences and levels of structural dynamics among the three lineages. Mosses, with the least repeated sequences, show the most static genome structure; whereas hornworts, with a relatively large set of repeated sequences, experience 1–4 rearrangements; liverworts, with intermediate repeat levels, see only one structural variant that requires two inversions to gain collinearity with the mitogenome of other liverworts. Repeat sequences were evoked to explain the mt gene order rearrangements in hornwort and liverwort mitogenomes; with the latter also supported by sequencing read evidence, which suggests that the conserved mitogenome structure observed in bryophyte lineages might be shaped by low repeat recombination level, and/or along with the intensified nucleus’ surveillance. Mitochondrial RNA editing is abundant in hornworts, with medium frequency and high variation in liverwort species, and generally limited in mosses, reflecting the diversity of nuclear encoded PPR proteins that are functionally related to RNA editing processes.

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“…These species were selected to cover the major evolutionary clades of land plants. In addition to the AMPS including a recently sequenced hornwort ( Anthoceros agrestis ) (Frangedakis et al, 2020; Li et al, 2020; Zhang et al, 2020a), we sampled LRXIs from banana, rice and maize monocots ( Musa acuminata, Oryza sativa, and Zea mays ), and three dicots, Capsella rubella, Populus trichocarpa and Solanum lysopersicum (pink Shepherd’s-purse, poplar, and tomato) (Supplemental data set 1). A. trichopoda was included in the analyses as a landmark for identification of evolutionary changes that took place before and after the emergence of angiosperms.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Sequenced Genomes of Non-Flowering Land Plants Reveal the (R)Evolutionary History of Peptide Signaling

Furumizu¹,

Krabberød

Hammerstad

et al. 2020

Preprint

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An understanding of land plant evolution is a prerequisite for in-depth knowledge of plant biology. Here we illustrate how to extract and explore information hidden in the increasing number of sequenced plant genomes, from bryophytes to angiosperms, to elucidate a specific biological question – how peptide signaling evolved. To conquer land and cope with changing environmental conditions, plants have gone through profound transformations that must have required a revolution in cell-to-cell communication. Peptides can act as signals of endogenous and exogenous changes, and interactions with leucine-rich repeat receptor-like kinases activate intracellular molecular signaling. Signaling peptides are typically active in organs like flowers and seeds, vascular tissue, root and shoot meristems, which are absent in the most primitive land plants. However, putative orthologues for several peptide-receptor pairs have been identified in non-seed land plants. These discoveries and elucidation of co-evolution of such ligands and their receptors, have profound implications for the understanding of evolution and diversity of cell-to-cell communication, as de novo interactions in peptide signaling pathways may have contributed to generate novel traits in land plants. Phylogenetic analyses, genomic, structural and functional data can guide us to reveal evolutionary steps that laid the foundation for a wealth of diversified terrestrial plants.

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The hornworts: morphology, evolution and development

Cited by 66 publications

References 171 publications

Advances in understanding of mycorrhizal-like associations in bryophytes

Advances in understanding of mycorrhizal-like associations in bryophytes

The mitochondrial genomes of bryophytes

The Sequenced Genomes of Non-Flowering Land Plants Reveal the (R)Evolutionary History of Peptide Signaling

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