The human gene for vascular endothelial growth factor. Multiple protein forms are encoded through alternative exon splicing

Tischer, Edmund; Mitchell, R.; Hartman, Thomas G.; Silva, M.; Gospodarowicz, Denis; Fiddes, John C.; Abraham, Judith A.

doi:10.1016/s0021-9258(18)99049-6

Cited by 1,682 publications

(91 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…VEGF expression can be induced by a variety of extracellular signals, the main being hypoxia, but also by oxidative stress, hyperthermia, or inflammatory stimuli (Ikeda et al 2006;Klettner and Roider 2009;Klettner, Koinzer, et al 2013;Faby et al 2014). Several transcription factors are involved in the regulation of VEGF expression, with hypoxia-inducible factor 1 (HIF-1) being the main transcription factor in hypoxic upregulation (Tischer et al 1991;Ozaki et al 1999). Indeed, transcription factors and signaling pathways differ depending on the stimulus.…”

Section: Antiangiogenic and Vasoprotective Effectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The potential of marine resources for retinal diseases: a systematic review of the molecular mechanisms

Krueger

Boehme

Klettner

et al. 2021

Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition

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We rely on vision more than on any other sense to obtain information about our environment. Hence, the loss or even impairment of vision profoundly affects our quality of life. Diet or food components have already demonstrated beneficial effects on the development of retinal diseases. Recently, there has been a growing interest in resources from marine animals and plants for the prevention of retinal diseases through nutrition. Especially fish intake and omega-3 fatty acids have already led to promising results, including associations with a reduced incidence of retinal diseases. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms are insufficiently explained. The aim of this review was to summarize the known mechanistic effects of marine resources on the pathophysiological processes in retinal diseases. We performed a systematic literature review following the PRISMA guidelines and identified 107 studies investigating marine resources in the context of retinal diseases. Of these, 46 studies described the underlying mechanisms including anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antiangiogenic/vasoprotective, cytoprotective, metabolic, and retinal function effects, which we critically summarize. We further discuss perspectives on the use of marine resources for human nutrition to prevent retinal diseases with a particular focus on regulatory aspects, health claims, safety, and bioavailability.

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Section: Antiangiogenic and Vasoprotective Effectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The potential of marine resources for retinal diseases: a systematic review of the molecular mechanisms

Krueger

Boehme

Klettner

et al. 2021

Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition

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“…Unlike the FGF growth factors, all forms of VEGF are secreted and, except for the smallest VEGF 121 isoforrn, all are capable of binding heparin or cell surface heparan sulfate proteoglycans [15,51]. The heparin-binding ability ofVEGF increases with increasing size of the isoforrn, such that the two larger isoforms (VEGFI89 and VEGF206) appear to remain bound to cell membranes or to heparan sulfate proteoglycans in the extracellular matrix [51,53,82). All of the VEGF isoforms appear to be equipotent in stimulating angiogenesis (83).…”

Section: Vegfmentioning

confidence: 99%

Therapeutic Angiogenesis: Protein and Gene Therapy Delivery Strategies

Rosengart¹,

Patel

Crystal

1999

European Journal of Cardiovascular Risk

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Angioplasty and surgical bypass, the primary interventional therapies for the treatment of atherosclerosis, are limited by the development over time of native vessel restenoses and graft occlusions. Furthermore, these therapies are not options for a significant number of individuals in whom the extent of vascular pathology is especially severe or widespread. Angiogenesis, the growth of new vasculature, is a critical biological response to ischemia that provides collateralization, or 'biological revascularization' of vascular obstructions. Therapeutic angiogenesis is a strategy whereby one of several known 'angiogens', mediators that induce angiogenesis, can be administered to augment the native angiogenic processes and enhance the formation of a collateral vasculature. This report describes the techniques available for providing therapeutic angiogenesis, including acute and sustained-release techniques to deliver protein angiogens and a number of gene therapy strategies to deliver genes coding for the angiogens.

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“…Constitutive VEGF expression and secretion in the RPE is regulated by many factors [13,14], which may differ from the regulation of VEGF induced by pathological stimuli such as hypoxia, oxidative stress, inflammatory signaling, and other [8,[15][16][17][18][19]. Indeed, the expression of VEGF is regulated at many levels in order to uphold the appropriate amount for protection and oxygen supply [20][21][22][23].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Influence of Melatonin and Light on VEGF Secretion in Primary RPE Cells

Klettner

Kampers

Töbelmann³

et al. 2021

Biomolecules

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(1) Background: Retinal pigment epithelial cells (RPE) cells constitutively secrete vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in the retina, protecting the neuronal cells and the choroid. Increased VEGF secretion, however, can result in neovascularization and edema. Many factors regulate VEGF secretion. In this study, we investigated the effect of external stimuli in relation to diurnal rhythm on constitutive VEGF secretion. (2) Methods: Single-eye RPE cell culture was prepared from porcine eyes. RPE cells were cultured in darkness, treated with daylight or room light, and treated with melatonin at different time frames, either respectively or in combination. Supernatants were collected and VEGF content evaluated using ELISA. Expression of the clock protein BMAL1 was evaluated with Western blot. (3) Results: VEGF secretion of the RPE shows a diurnal rhythm. While the rhythm is not influenced by either light or melatonin, the amount of secreted VEGF can be increased by nocturnal melatonin, especially in combination with morning daylight. These findings disclose another layer of VEGF regulation in the retina.

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The human gene for vascular endothelial growth factor. Multiple protein forms are encoded through alternative exon splicing

Cited by 1,682 publications

References 40 publications

The potential of marine resources for retinal diseases: a systematic review of the molecular mechanisms

The potential of marine resources for retinal diseases: a systematic review of the molecular mechanisms

Therapeutic Angiogenesis: Protein and Gene Therapy Delivery Strategies

The Influence of Melatonin and Light on VEGF Secretion in Primary RPE Cells

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