The ID21 Scanning X-ray Microscope at ESRF

Salomé, Murielle; Cotte, Marine; Baker, R.; Barrett, R.; Benseny‐Cases, Núria; Berruyer, G.; Bugnazet, David; Castillo‐Michel, Hiram; Cornu, C.; Fayard, Barbara; Gagliardini, E.; Hino, Ricardo; Morse, J.; Papillon, Emmanuel; Pouyet, Émeline; Rivard, Camille; Solé, V. A.; Susini, J.; Veronesi, Giulia

doi:10.1088/1742-6596/425/18/182004

Cited by 57 publications

(44 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…2.3.1 Micro-X-ray fluorescence and chemical maps in scanning mode lXRF data were collected at the X-ray micro-spectroscopy beamline ID21 at the European Synchrotron Radiation Facility (ESRF) [16]. Monochromatic radiation was extracted from an undulator coupled with a fixed-exit doublecrystal monochromator equipped with a Si(111) crystal and focused using a Kirkpatrick-Baez mirror pair to a typical beam size of 0.2 lm ver.…”

Section: Analytical Methods and Data Processingmentioning

confidence: 99%

2D X-ray and FTIR micro-analysis of the degradation of cadmium yellow pigment in paintings of Henri Matisse

et al. 2015

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The chemical and physical alterations of cadmium yellow (CdS) paints in Henri Matisse's The Joy of Life (1905Life ( -1906, The Barnes Foundation) have been recognized since 2006, when a survey by portable X-ray fluorescence identified this pigment in all altered regions of the monumental painting. This alteration is visible as fading, discoloration, chalking, flaking, and spalling of several regions of light to medium yellow paint. Since that time, synchrotron radiation-based techniques including elemental and spectroscopic imaging, as well as X-ray scattering have been employed to locate and identify the alteration products observed in this and related works by Henri Matisse. This information is necessary to formulate one or multiple mechanisms for degradation of Matisse's paints from this period, and thus ensure proper environmental conditions for the storage and the display of his works. This paper focuses on 2D full-field X-ray Near Edge Structure imaging, 2D micro-X-ray Diffraction, X-ray Fluorescence, and Fourier Transform Infra-red imaging of the altered paint layers to address one of the long-standing questions about cadmium yellow alteration-the roles of cadmium carbonates and cadmium sulphates found in the altered paint layers. These compounds have often been assumed to be photo-oxidation products, but could also be residual starting reagents from an indirect wet process synthesis of CdS. The data presented here allow identifying and mapping the location of cadmium carbonates, cadmium chlorides, cadmium oxalates, cadmium sulphates, and cadmium sulphides in thin sections of altered cadmium yellow paints from The Joy of Life and Matisse's Flower Piece (1906, The Barnes Foundation). Distribution of various cadmium compounds confirms that cadmium carbonates and sulphates are photo-degradation products in The Joy of Life, whereas in Flower Piece, cadmium carbonates appear to have been a [(partially) unreacted] starting reagent for the yellow paint, a role previously suggested in other altered yellow paints.

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Section: Analytical Methods and Data Processingmentioning

confidence: 99%

2D X-ray and FTIR micro-analysis of the degradation of cadmium yellow pigment in paintings of Henri Matisse

et al. 2015

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“…Apart from the sequential P extractions, we investigated the P fractionation in a sediment sample from 11.67 mcd (hole C) with unfocused X-ray absorption near-edge structure (XANES) spectroscopy. The analysis was conducted in April 2015 at the ID21 beamline at the European Synchrotron Radiation Facility (ESRF) in Grenoble, France (see Salomé et al, 2013 for details on the beamline). Prior to analysis, the monochromator was calibrated against the first derivative of tricalcium phosphate (2149.43 eV).…”

Section: Bulk Phosphorus Analysis (Sedex and P Xanes)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Post-depositional formation of vivianite-type minerals alters sediment phosphorus records

et al. 2018

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Abstract. Phosphorus (P) concentrations in sediments are frequently used to reconstruct past environmental conditions in freshwater and marine systems, with high values thought to be indicative of a high biological productivity. Recent studies suggest that the post-depositional formation of vivianite, an iron(II)-phosphate mineral, might significantly alter trends in P with sediment depth. To assess its importance, we investigate a sediment record from the Bornholm Basin that was retrieved during the Integrated Ocean Drilling Program (IODP) Baltic Sea Paleoenvironment Expedition 347 in 2013, consisting of lake sediments overlain by brackish-marine deposits. Combining bulk sediment geochemistry with microanalysis using scanning electron microscope energy dispersive spectroscopy (SEM-EDS) and synchrotron-based X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS), we demonstrate that vivianite-type minerals rich in manganese and magnesium are present in the lake deposits just below the transition to the brackish-marine sediments (at 11.5 to 12 m sediment depth). In this depth interval, phosphate that diffuses down from the organic-rich, brackish-marine sediments meets porewaters rich in dissolved iron in the lake sediments, resulting in the precipitation of iron(II) phosphate. Results from a reactive transport model suggest that the peak in iron(II) phosphate originally occurred at the lake-marine transition (9 to 10 m) and moved downwards due to changes in the depth of a sulfidization front. However, its current position relative to the lake-marine transition is stable as the vivianite-type minerals and active sulfidization fronts have been spatially separated over time. Experiments in which vivianite was subjected to sulfidic conditions demonstrate that incorporation of manganese or magnesium in vivianite does not affect its susceptibility to sulfide-induced dissolution. Our work highlights that post-depositional formation of iron(II) phosphates such as vivianite has the potential to strongly alter sedimentary P records particularly in systems that are subject to environmental perturbation, such as a change in primary productivity, which can be associated with a lake-marine transition.

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“…The layouts of the beamlines are described in Borsboom et al (1998);Nikitenko et al (2008) and Salomé et al (2013), respectively. XAS measurements at the K-edges of Fe and Mn were performed at BM26a in the energy range 7.00-7.65 keV and 6.50-6.90 keV, respectively.…”

Section: Xas Of Blue Aggregates and Bulk Sedimentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Vivianite is a key sink for phosphorus in sediments of the Landsort Deep, an intermittently anoxic deep basin in the Baltic Sea

2016

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a b s t r a c t Phosphorus (P) is an essential nutrient for marine organisms. Its burial in hypoxic and anoxic marine basins is still incompletely understood. Recent studies suggest that P can be sequestered in sediments of such basins as reduced iron (Fe)-P but the exact phase and the underlying mechanisms that lead to its formation are unknown. In this study, we investigated sediments from the deepest basin in the Baltic Sea, the Landsort Deep (site M0063), that were retrieved during the Integrated Ocean Drilling Project (IODP) Baltic Sea Paleoenvironment Expedition 347. The record comprises the whole brackish/marine Littorina Sea stage including past intervals of extensive hypoxia in the Baltic Sea that occurred during the Holocene Thermal Maximum (HTM HI ) and the Medieval Climate Anomaly (MCA1 HI and MCA2 HI ). Various redox proxies (e.g. the presence of laminations and high Mo contents) suggest almost permanent bottom water hypoxia during the Littorina Sea stage in the Landsort Deep. The bottom waters were likely even seasonally anoxic or sulfidic during the MCA1 HI and MCA2 HI , and permanently sulfidic during the HTM HI . With the use of micro-analysis of sieved minerals (SEM-EDS, XRD and synchrotron-based XAS), we show that Mn-and Mgrich vivianite crystals are present at various depths in the Littorina Sea sediments. We also have indications for vivianite in the MCA1 HI , MCA2 HI and HTM HI deposits. The formation of vivianite thus likely explains the high Febound P fraction throughout the whole Littorina Sea stage. Shuttling of Fe and Mn from the shelves into the basin and high inputs of P in settling organic matter are likely key drivers for vivianite formation. Our study shows that vivianite can likely form in near-surface sediments under a broad range of bottom water redox conditions, varying from hypoxic and anoxic to sulfidic.

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The ID21 Scanning X-ray Microscope at ESRF

Cited by 57 publications

References 4 publications

2D X-ray and FTIR micro-analysis of the degradation of cadmium yellow pigment in paintings of Henri Matisse

2D X-ray and FTIR micro-analysis of the degradation of cadmium yellow pigment in paintings of Henri Matisse

Post-depositional formation of vivianite-type minerals alters sediment phosphorus records

Vivianite is a key sink for phosphorus in sediments of the Landsort Deep, an intermittently anoxic deep basin in the Baltic Sea

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