The Immune Microenvironment and Cancer Metastasis

El-Kenawi, Asmaa; Hänggi, Kay; Ruffell, Brian

doi:10.1101/cshperspect.a037424

Cited by 77 publications

(60 citation statements)

References 235 publications

(259 reference statements)

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“…Tumor cells with epithelial phenotype composing the tumor receive the signal of duplication through growth factors [27] . These cells begin to make the phenotype change due to external factors, such as the effect of the microenvironment [28] and/or interaction with the immune system [29] . In 2017 Takigawa et al [30] stated that mesenchymal stem cells induce epithelial to mesenchymal transition in colon cancer cells through direct cell-to-cell contact.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The colonization and outgrowth of tumor cells in a secondary organ is often considered the rate-limiting, as well as the most poorly delineated step in the metastatic cascade [29] . Pre-metastatic niche theory shows that before arriving disseminated tumor cells (DTC), bone marrow-derived haematopoietic stem cells are recruited by tumour-derived factors to the secondary site where they transfer a more hospitable microenvironment to foster the survival and expansion of metastatic lesions [40] .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Step 1 is related to the mitosis process aided by growth factors; step 2 is related to the beginning of the MET until the formation of the hybrid phenotype, assisted by external transition factors such as snail [29] , step 3 is the completion of the transition, from the hybrid phenotype to the mesenchymal phenotype; step 4 is related to induction of EMT to epithelial cells by mesenchymal stem cells [21]. Finally steps 5 and 6…”

Section: In the Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Mathematical modeling of metastasis, a feasible way to detect the weakness

Guerra

Silva

Mansilla³

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Cancer is one of the main causes of death worldwide. 90% of deaths caused by this disease occur 12 due to metastasis. Two models are proposed that rescue fundamental aspects of metastasis, such as EMT (epithelial mesenchymal transition), extravasation and colonization. The results suggest that strengthening the immune system during EMT as well as its 19 specialization in the detection of DTCs (disseminated tumor cells) can be effective strategies in the 20 treatment of metastasis.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: In the Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Mathematical modeling of metastasis, a feasible way to detect the weakness

Guerra

Silva

Mansilla³

et al. 2020

Preprint

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“…These cells also promote each other with tumor-related inflammatory cells, which results in a variety of tumorigenic factors in the tumor microenvironment [35]. These changes promote the growth of tumor parenchyma and the formation of the tumor interstitial blood vessels and destroy the immune system of the body, resulting in the transformation of the interstitium and the metastasis of tumors [31,36,37].…”

Section: The Inflammatory Microenvironment and Tumorigenesismentioning

confidence: 99%

The Antitumor Efficacy of β-Elemene by Changing Tumor Inflammatory Environment and Tumor Microenvironment

Xie

Lei

et al. 2020

BioMed Research International

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Inflammatory mediators and inflammatory cells in the inflammatory microenvironment promote the transformation of normal cells to cancer cells in the early stage of cancer, promote the growth and development of cancer cells, and induce tumor immune escape. The monomeric active ingredient β-elemene is extracted from the traditional Chinese medicine Curcuma wenyujin and has been proven to have good anti-inflammatory and antitumor activities in clinical applications for more than 20 years in China. Recent studies have found that this traditional Chinese medicine plays a vital role in macrophage infiltration and M2 polarization, as well as in regulating immune disorders, and it even regulates the transcription factors NF-κB and STAT3 to alter inflammation, tumorigenesis, and development. In addition, β-elemene regulates not only different inflammatory factors (such as TNF-α, IFN, TGF-β, and IL-6/10) but also oxidative stress in vivo and in vitro. The excellent anti-inflammatory and antitumor effects of β-elemene and its ability to alter the inflammatory microenvironment of tumors have been gradually elaborated. Although the study of monomeric active ingredients in traditional Chinese medicines is insufficient in terms of quality and quantity, the pharmacological effects of more active ingredients of traditional Chinese medicines will be revealed after β-elemene.

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“…The past years have witnessed promising clinical feedback for anti-cancer immunotherapies. Immune cells contribute to invasion by secreting a cornucopia of in ammatory factors that promote epithelial-tomesenchymal transition and remodeling of the stroma [4]. Previous study reports that immunoscore is a robust and validated clinical assay leveraging immune scoring to predict recurrence risk of colon cancer patient [5].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dynamic immunity gene and lncRNA regulatory cooperative pairs revealed prognostic signatures in the development of colon cancer

Wang

You

Wang

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Background: The pathological development of colon cancer is a complex progression that depends on multiple alterations of coding and non-coding genes. Colon cancer are challenged by the immune system and acquire features to evade its surveillance during the whole process of occurrence and development. Therefore, it is important to capture the immune regulatory events during the progression of colon cancer development and to identify reliable markers for predicting clinical outcomes in patients. Methods: Here, a standardized computational procedures was developed to evaluate immune cell populations-associated gene (immuneCPa gene)-lncRNA relationships in diverse stages (I, II, III and IV) of colon cancer based on genes and lncRNAs expression. Stage-specific immuneCPa genes and lncRNAs were identified in each colon cancer stage. Results: Dynamic stage-specific immuneCPa gene-lncRNA regulatory networks were constructed and characterized in colon cancer development. A immuneCPa gene-lncRNA activity profile across different stages revealed that lncRNAs were highly stage-selective in regulating immuneCPa genes in colon cancer. Specify scores of immune indicated that diverse kinds of immune cells were temporally-specific in colon cancer. NK CD56bright cell showed strongest stage common features in colon cancer. Further survival analysis indicated that some stage specific immuneCPa gene-lncRNA relationships may have the potential for predicting colon cancer prognosis. Conclusions: Collectively, our study leads to a novel starting point for future functional explorations, the identification of immune-related biomarkers, and lncRNA-based targeted therapy for colon cancer.

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The Immune Microenvironment and Cancer Metastasis

Cited by 77 publications

References 235 publications

Mathematical modeling of metastasis, a feasible way to detect the weakness

Mathematical modeling of metastasis, a feasible way to detect the weakness

The Antitumor Efficacy of β-Elemene by Changing Tumor Inflammatory Environment and Tumor Microenvironment

Dynamic immunity gene and lncRNA regulatory cooperative pairs revealed prognostic signatures in the development of colon cancer

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