The immune response of wild rainbow trout, Salmo gairdneri Richardson, to naturally acquired plerocercoid infections of Diphyllobothrium dendriticum (Nitzsch, 1824) and D. ditremum (Creplin, 1825)

Sharp, G. J. E.; Pike, Andrew R.; Secombes, Christopher J.

doi:10.1111/j.1095-8649.1989.tb03029.x

Cited by 83 publications

(63 citation statements)

References 34 publications

(27 reference statements)

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“…The significance of this observation is not entirely clear, as it is possible that, rather than representing a specific reaction to Anisakis spp., they might reflect a physiological state of the fish. Persistent inflammation and massive recruitment of granular cells in the intestinal tissue of helminth-infested salmonids has been previously described (Murray 1972, Sharp et al 1989, Ferguson 2006, but similarly, a massive degranulation of EGCs followed by an acute inflammatory reaction can be induced by the injection of hydrocortisone (Reite 1997). The histological analysis of samples from fish that had been in the freshwater for weeks or months showed that EGCs were not predominant anymore or were completely absent.…”

Section: Asp Ay821749 Tc--cgta Ta-cagttt--gtgtgatc-tatgt--caa Cgcaamentioning

confidence: 95%

Red vent syndrome in wild Atlantic salmon Salmo salar in Scotland is associated with Anisakis simplex sensu stricto (Nematoda: Anisakidae)

Noguera

Collins²,

Bruno³

et al. 2009

Dis. Aquat. Org.

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Simultaneous reports were received between June and July 2007 of wild Atlantic salmon Salmo salar with red, swollen, bloody vents returning to geographically diverse rivers in Scotland. By the end of September the condition, colloquially known as 'red vent syndrome' (RVS), was reported from > 50 rivers across Scotland. Fish were generally in good overall condition but the vent area showed mild to severe lesions. External characteristics of the syndrome included a swollen, raised, haemorrhagic vent and surrounding tissues, with erosion of the skin, scale loss and moderate to severe bleeding in more advanced cases. Predominantly, the fish affected were 1-sea-winter grilse; however, RVS was also recorded in 2-sea-winter salmon and sea trout S. trutta. High numbers of the nematode Anisakis Type I larvae were found infesting the discrete region of the vent, a localisation that is reported as novel for the parasite. The hypothesis that this is a different species than that commonly found in the body cavity and viscera was investigated through molecular studies. These studies failed to show evidence that the parasites infesting the vent were different from those in the body cavity, i.e. all were identified as A. simplex sensu stricto. No other disease agent was found associated with the lesions or was isolated systemically, and no mortality or prevention of spawning was recorded during the 2007 season. Possible causes, including warming environments in the North Atlantic, are hypothesised as playing a role in the development of RVS in Atlantic salmon.

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Section: Asp Ay821749 Tc--cgta Ta-cagttt--gtgtgatc-tatgt--caa Cgcaamentioning

confidence: 95%

Red vent syndrome in wild Atlantic salmon Salmo salar in Scotland is associated with Anisakis simplex sensu stricto (Nematoda: Anisakidae)

Noguera

Collins²,

Bruno³

et al. 2009

Dis. Aquat. Org.

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“…Mast cells may play an important role in the mechanisms of inflammatory response because they express a number of functional proteins, including antimicrobial peptides that act against a broad spectrum of pathogens [249][250][251][252][253].…”

Section: Immune Cells In Fish Skinmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Overview of the Immunological Defenses in Fish Skin

2012

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The vertebrate immune system is comprised of numerous distinct and interdependent components. Every component has its own inherent protective value, and the final combination of them is likely to be related to an animal's immunological history and evolutionary development. Vertebrate immune system consists of both systemic and mucosal immune compartments, but it is the mucosal immune system which protects the body from the first encounter of pathogens. According to anatomical location, the mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue, in teleost fish is subdivided into gut-, skin-, and gill-associated lymphoid tissue and most available studies focus on gut. The purpose of this paper is to summarise the current knowledge of the immunological defences present in skin mucosa as a very important part of the fish immune system, serving as an anatomical and physiological barrier against external hazards. Interest in defence mechanism of fish arises from a need to develop health management tools to support a growing finfish aquaculture industry, while at the same time addressing questions concerning origins and evolution of immunity in vertebrates. Increased knowledge of fish mucosal immune system will facilitate the development of novel vaccination strategies in fish.

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“…Coscia & Oreste, 1998, 2000 and tapeworms (e.g. Kennedy & Walker, 1969 ;Sharp, Pike & Secombes, 1989). There has also been intensive speculation on how humoral factors in the immune response of fish are involved in protection.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…There has also been intensive speculation on how humoral factors in the immune response of fish are involved in protection. Such mechanisms as effects on parasite fecundity (Grayson et al 1995), binding to glandular secretions and surface structures (Sharp et al 1989 ;Williams & Hoole, 1995), mediation of leucocyte adherence (Hoole & Arme, 1986 ;Whyte et al 1990), induction of parasite migration out of the fish (Clark & Dickerson, 1997) and mediation of complementinduced lysis (Saeij, De Vries & Wiegertjes, 2003) have been proposed. In contrast, the mechanisms by which fish helminth parasites evade and/or suppress the immune response has not been extensively considered although Hoole & Arme (1983) have speculated that host proteins may be acquired on the surface of the plerocercoid of Ligula intestinalis and used to evade the immune response in its cyprinid hosts.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Interaction between the blood fluke,Sanguinicola inermisand humoral components of the immune response of carp,Cyprinus carpio

et al. 2005

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The effect of Sanguinicola inermis on serum antibody and complement activity in Cyprinus carpio was assessed using an ELISA and haemolytic assays. Possible immune evasion strategies were assessed using immunodetection of host proteins on the surface of the parasite. Carp acclimatized to 20 or 25 xC were infected by exposure to 500 cercariae or injected intraperitoneally with 150 cercariae, and serum monitored over a 63-day period. In cercariae-injected carp, irrespective of time and temperature, a significant increase occurred in complement activity being greatest at 25 xC. In addition, fish exposed to the cercariae of S. inermis and maintained at 20 xC the level of complement activity was significantly higher after 5 weeks compared to controls. At 20 xC intraperitoneal injections of parasites increased serum antibody levels which peaked after 7 days. In contrast, at 25 xC, antibody levels were maintained over 63 days. Exposure of fish to infection did not appear to stimulate antibody production. Immunofluorescence studies revealed ' host-like ' molecules on the surface of the cercarial body exposed to carp serum and adult flukes obtained directly from the fish or cultured for 24 h in L15 medium. The possible role of ' host-like ' molecules in immune evasion is discussed and the response at different temperatures is related to infection dynamics.

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The immune response of wild rainbow trout, Salmo gairdneri Richardson, to naturally acquired plerocercoid infections of Diphyllobothrium dendriticum (Nitzsch, 1824) and D. ditremum (Creplin, 1825)

Cited by 83 publications

References 34 publications

Red vent syndrome in wild Atlantic salmon Salmo salar in Scotland is associated with Anisakis simplex sensu stricto (Nematoda: Anisakidae)

Red vent syndrome in wild Atlantic salmon Salmo salar in Scotland is associated with Anisakis simplex sensu stricto (Nematoda: Anisakidae)

An Overview of the Immunological Defenses in Fish Skin

Interaction between the blood fluke,Sanguinicola inermisand humoral components of the immune response of carp,Cyprinus carpio

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