“…With such knowledge embedded, organizations can use BDA more advantageously. BDA competency, therefore, can help organizations achieve organizational agility by processing real-time external information, facilitating crossdepartment communication, and offering efficient knowledge storage and retrieval (Zhang and Li, 2022). 4.2 IS capabilities We adopted IS capabilities view because, based on a systematic literature review, we found that there are three types of IS capabilities (inside-out, outside-in, and spanning capabilities) which could effectively consolidate prevalent variables contributing to agility and that BDA competency can facilitate these three IS capabilities.…”