“…Human capital includes knowledge, experience, education and skills of employees, which are transferred with them when leaving an organization, while investing in human capital can improve the quality of work and contribute to economic growth (Rehman et al, 2022). It also correlates with innovation performance (Bate et al, 2023), value creation (Brown et al, 2023), knowledge creation (Rhee et al, 2023), marketing innovation (Kaiser et al, 2023), customer satisfaction (Fernandes et al, 2023), customer integration (Xi et al, 2023), export product quality (Zhang and Duan, 2023) and enhances the business competitiveness (Kongrode et al, 2023).…”