The impact of COVID-19 on the European football ecosystem – A Delphi-based scenario analysis

Beiderbeck, Daniel; Frevel, Nicolas; Gracht, Heiko A. von der; Schmidt, Sascha L.; Schweitzer, Vera M.

doi:10.1016/j.techfore.2021.120577

Cited by 62 publications

(36 citation statements)

References 86 publications

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“…The technical paper at hand builds on a Delphi study including scenario analysis, which is dealing with the impact of COVID-19 on the European football ecosystem [8] . The study included 110 international experts and was conducted amid the COVID-19 outbreak between April and May 2020.…”

Section: Methods Basics and Co-submitted Researchmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This mosaic plot is based on the data of Beiderbeck et al. [8] . It shows the relationship between confidence (measured with a five-point Likert scale from 1 = very low to 5 = very high) and expected probability (0 = statement will never occur; 1 = statement will occur long-term; 2 = statement will occur short-term).…”

Section: Analyzing a Delphi Study (Phase Three)mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Preparing, conducting, and analyzing Delphi surveys: Cross-disciplinary practices, new directions, and advancements

et al. 2021

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Delphi is a scientific method to organize and structure an expert discussion aiming to generate insights on controversial topics with limited information. The technique has seen a rise in publication frequency in various disciplines, especially over the past decades. In April 2021, the term Delphi method yielded 28,200 search hits in Google Scholar for the past five years alone. Given the increasing level of uncertainty caused by rapid technological and social change around the globe, collective expert opinions and assessments are likely to gain even more importance. Therefore, the paper at hand presents technical recommendations derived from a Delphi study that was conducted amid the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020. The paper comprehensively demonstrates how to prepare, conduct, and analyze a Delphi study. In this regard, it combines several methodological advancements of the recent past (e.g., dissent analyses, scenario analyses) with state-of-the-art impulses from other disciplines like strategic management (e.g., fuzzy clustering), psychology (e.g., sentiment analyses), or clinical trials (e.g., consensus measurement). By offering insights on the variety of possibilities to exploit Delphi-based data, we aim to support researchers across all disciplines in conducting Delphi studies and potentially expand and improve the method's field of application.

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Section: Methods Basics and Co-submitted Researchmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Analyzing a Delphi Study (Phase Three)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Preparing, conducting, and analyzing Delphi surveys: Cross-disciplinary practices, new directions, and advancements

et al. 2021

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“…Since the outbreak of COVID-19, researchers worldwide have been carrying out a lot of research works on it. These researches can be mainly divided into the following six categories: (1) to study the impact of COVID-19 on human physical and mental health from a biomedical perspective ( Tsamakis et al, 2020 , Xiong et al, 2020 , Pascoal et al, 2021 ); (2) to study the impact of COVID-19 on human production, life, and social and economic development from a sociological perspective ( Takyi and Bentum-Ennin, 2020 , Qian et al, 2021 , Shang et al, 2021 , Beiderbeck et al, 2021 , Jiang et al, 2021 ); (3) to creatively propose new mathematical models or revise some existing models based on relevant data for predicting and analyzing the development of the epidemic in a specific area ( Vianello et al, 2021 , Willis et al, 2021 , Mun and Geng, 2021 , Al-qaness et al, 2021 , Manenti et al, 2020 , Hu et al, 2020 , Cao et al, 2020 , Mojjada et al, 2020 , Yang et al, 2020 ); (4) to analyze the spatial-temporal characteristics of the epidemic in a specific area ( Lv and Cheng, 2020 , Feng et al, 2020 ); (5) to explore related factors which may affect the development of the epidemic ( Hu et al, 2021 ); (6) to evaluate the effects of different epidemic prevention measures ( Leung et al, 2020 , Hasnain et al, 2020 ). In terms of the research purpose and content, the third, the fourth, and the fifth categories are more relevant to the work carried out in this paper.…”

Section: Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis on the spatio-temporal characteristics of COVID-19 in mainland China

Jin

Yang

et al. 2021

Process Safety and Environmental Protection

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COVID-19 has brought many unfavorable effects on humankind and taken away many lives. Only by understanding it more profoundly and comprehensively can it be soundly defeated. This paper is dedicated to studying the spatial-temporal characteristics of the epidemic development at the provincial-level in mainland China and the civic-level in Hubei Province. Moreover, a correlation analysis on the possible factors that cause the spatial differences in the epidemic's degree is conducted. After completing these works, three different methods are adopted to fit the daily-change tendencies of the number of confirmed cases in mainland China and Hubei Province. The three methods are the Logical Growth Model (LGM), Polynomial fitting, and Fully Connected Neural Network (FCNN). The analysis results on the spatial-temporal differences and their influencing factors show that: (1) The Chinese government has contained the domestic epidemic in early March 2020, indicating that the number of newly diagnosed cases has almost zero increase since then. (2) Throughout the entire mainland of China, effective manual intervention measures such as community isolation and urban isolation have significantly weakened the influence of the subconscious factors that may impact the spatial differences of the epidemic. (3) The classification results based on the number of confirmed cases also prove the effectiveness of the isolation measures adopted by the governments at all levels in China from another aspect. It is reflected in the small monthly grade changes (even no change) in the provinces of mainland China and the cities in Hubei Province during the study period. Based on the experimental results of curve-fitting and considering the time cost and goodness of fit comprehensively, the Polynomial( Degree = 18) model is recommended in this paper for fitting the daily-change tendency of the number of confirmed cases.

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“…According to Smith and Casper (2020), some like the NBA created entirely new engagement platforms, while others like MLB integrated their COVID response into their existing programmes. One recent study concluded that the most desirable impact of the pandemic on sport would come in the form of an increased awareness for social responsibility (Beiderbeck et al, 2021). The themeand its decision-making and ethical implicationswas also present in several of the studies presented in this issue.…”

mentioning

confidence: 92%

Introduction: sport and COVID-19: impacts and challenges for the future (Volume 1)

Skinner

Smith

2021

European Sport Management Quarterly

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Sports When Everybody Lost' (Drape et al., 2020). The article lamented the economic impact of the COVID-19 pandemic across the world's sporting organizations, describing losses of US$13b in the US sporting leagues, US$28.6b in wages and earnings, and nearly 1.5 million jobs in the US alone, while revenue losses exceeded 1 billion euros among some of Europe's biggest football clubs. Similarly, dire outcomes careered through all sub-sectors of sport when major events and competitions were cancelled, postponed and shortened, including Wimbledon and the Olympic Games, the latter polarizing the residents of Tokyo (Sato et al., 2020). Participation sport ground to a halt or a series of stop-starts, and leisure, recreation and exercise continued only outdoors and in homes.At the same time, as crises gripped mainstream sport, alternative sporting content and activities proliferated leading to a massive surge in home fitness equipment sales, online exercise studios, esports and re-packaged sporting material. While conventional sport and its supply chain exsanguinated, new versions blossomed, the two blending in the middle as hybrid fan-facing initiatives were invented by the more innovative and well resourced, thanks to mobile, streaming technologies and the giant firms providing them. Meanwhile, those lucky enough to maintain jobs in the sporting industry worked largely from home. Forget about the 'Fourth Industrial Revolution' or even the 'Age of Information', according to an e-book produced by technology giant Cisco in collaboration with Wired magazine, we have arrived at the 'Age of WFA' -Work from Anywhere (CiscoxWired, 2021). So arrived yet another 'new' working model, in this case based on a hybrid response to a sudden amplification of the remote economy.As the articles in this special issue demonstrate, the pandemic has revealed the extent to which traditional sport is inextricably coupled to participation and fan attendance. Hyperbole for once seems inadequate to fully account for the prodigious impact the sporting world and its stakeholders and fans have endured and are continuing to combat. If the response to the call for papers for this special issue is a measure of the sport management scholarly community's assessment of COVID's importance to the industry, we would conclude that has never been a single exogenous event that has

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The impact of COVID-19 on the European football ecosystem – A Delphi-based scenario analysis

Cited by 62 publications

References 86 publications

Preparing, conducting, and analyzing Delphi surveys: Cross-disciplinary practices, new directions, and advancements

Preparing, conducting, and analyzing Delphi surveys: Cross-disciplinary practices, new directions, and advancements

Analysis on the spatio-temporal characteristics of COVID-19 in mainland China

Introduction: sport and COVID-19: impacts and challenges for the future (Volume 1)

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