2020
DOI: 10.3390/molecules25184223
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The Impact of Electronic Nicotine Delivery System (ENDS) Flavors on Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptors and Nicotine Addiction-Related Behaviors

Abstract: Over the past two decades, combustible cigarette smoking has slowly declined by nearly 11% in America; however, the use of electronic cigarettes has increased tremendously, including among adolescents. While nicotine is the main addictive component of tobacco products and a primary concern in electronic cigarettes, this is not the only constituent of concern. There is a growing market of flavored products and a growing use of zero-nicotine e-liquids among electronic cigarette users. Accordingly, there are few … Show more

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Cited by 22 publications
(11 citation statements)
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References 172 publications
(290 reference statements)
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“…For example, menthol can mask initially aversive aspects of smoking and become reinforcing sensory cues over time ( Villanti et al., 2016 ; Wickham et al., 2020 ). Animal studies further suggest that menthol may interact with nicotine to directly affect reward pathways in the central nervous system ( Cooper & Henderson, 2020 ; Jao et al., 2020 ). In the United States there are also cultural factors associated with using menthol cigarettes.…”
Section: Resultsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…For example, menthol can mask initially aversive aspects of smoking and become reinforcing sensory cues over time ( Villanti et al., 2016 ; Wickham et al., 2020 ). Animal studies further suggest that menthol may interact with nicotine to directly affect reward pathways in the central nervous system ( Cooper & Henderson, 2020 ; Jao et al., 2020 ). In the United States there are also cultural factors associated with using menthol cigarettes.…”
Section: Resultsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…While nicotine is clearly the primary reinforcer in tobacco and eCigs, added flavors may also act as rewards and/or reinforcers in their own right (Patten and De Biasi, 2020;Cooper et al, 2021). Animal data support the idea that characterizing flavors (and menthol) can modulate circuits involved in reward, reinforcement and motivation (Cooper and Henderson, 2020), possibly by modulating nicotinic acetylcholine receptors directly (Henderson et al, 2018).…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 83%
“…For instance, in 2019, 23% of middle and high school students reported use of a nicotine-containing product in the past 30 d, up from 9% in 2014 ( Kasza et al, 2017 ; Wang et al, 2019 ). As the main psychoactive and addictive compound, nicotine remains at the forefront of this continuing public health crisis ( Dani and Heinemann, 1996 ; Mansvelder and McGehee, 2002 ; Cooper and Henderson, 2020 ; Wittenberg et al, 2020 ).…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%