The Impact of Small-Scale Development Projects on Archaeological Heritage in Africa: The Tanzanian Experience

Ichumbaki, Elgidius B.; Mjema, Elinaza

doi:10.1080/13505033.2018.1433914

Cited by 8 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 33 publications

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“…According to Tanzania's Environmental Management Act (United Republic of Tanzania 2004), the CHIA is part of the Environmental and Sociological Impact Assessment (ESIA), which is a mandatory evaluation process expected to address the impact of a certain development project (e.g. infrastructure construction) on the environment, landscape, and social context (Ichumbaki and Mjema 2018). In particular, the CHIA is focused on the possible impacts on cultural heritage, both extinct (e.g.…”

Section: The Discovery Of Laetoli Site Smentioning

confidence: 99%

Frozen in the Ashes

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Reading Prehistoric Human Tracks

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Fossil footprints are very useful palaeontological tools. Their features can help to identify their makers and also to infer biological as well as behavioural information. Nearly all the hominin tracks discovered so far are attributed to species of the genus Homo. The only exception is represented by the trackways found in the late 1970s at Laetoli, which are thought to have been made by three Australopithecus afarensis individuals about 3.66 million years ago. We have unearthed and described the footprints of two more individuals at Laetoli, who were moving on the same surface, in the same direction, and probably in the same timespan as the three found in the 1970s, apparently all belonging to a single herd of bipedal hominins walking from south to north. The estimated stature of one of the new individuals (about 1.65 m) exceeds those previously published for Au. afarensis. This evidence supports the existence of marked morphological variation within the species. Considering the bipedal footprints found at Laetoli as a whole, we can hypothesize that the tallest individual may have been the dominant male, the others smaller females and juveniles. Thus, considerable differences may have existed between sexes in these human ancestors, similar to modern gorillas.

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Section: The Discovery Of Laetoli Site Smentioning

confidence: 99%