The Imperial Regimes as a Root of Current Ethnic Based Conflicts in Ethiopia

Abstract

Current ethnic conflict in Ethiopia is not a simple byproduct of Multinational federalism and politicization of ethnicity since 1991. Regardless of the contradictions and debates over the core causes of ethnic conflict in Ethiopia, it is impossible to fully comprehend it without a thorough and honest examination of the pre-1991 country's history in terms of ethnicity and ethnic conflict. The article analyzed the historical root causes of ethnic conflict in Ethiopia by taking Minilik’s II and HaileSelassie’s I regimes into account. Hence, a Dialectical approach and historical method were employed to conduct a critical investigation of the core causes of ethnic conflict. The article found that the country's current ethnic politics and ethnic warfare sowed during the imperial regime. Minilik II and his successor conquered, confiscated, subjugated, enslaved, and dehumanized the southern nations, nationalities, and people in the consecration of Ethiopia's current territory. During imperial administrations, Ethiopia was seen as a prison-house of people. Ethnic identity has been taboo during the imperial regimes of Ethiopia. The article found that the imperial regimes of Ethiopia were the precursor to both immediate and potential ethnic-based detestation, animosity, and violence that resulted in the country's lengthy and deadly civil wars. Based on a dialectical method, this article discovered that the process of Ethiopian state creation resulted in sustainable and predictable cyclical rotation of contradiction and contestation between thesis and antithesis, without creating strong syntheses. Moreover, the misappropriation of concepts of nationalism and nation-building has been common in the country's political history

Ethnic Identity and National Unity in Ethiopia: Challenges and Opportunities for Building National Consensus

“…Tensions between different ethnic groups have increased due to national corporations' entry into areas along ethnic fault lines that have contested land, intensifying competition and land battles [36]. These conflicts have a long history, and attempts to promote national unity are made more difficult by unsolved grievances and tensions between ethnic groups [9].…”

“…In the framework of ethnic federalism, the politicization of ethnicity has fueled ethnic divisions, resulting in uniqueness and distinctions that may impede attempts to forge a nation and shared goals [1]. The past regimes administration laid the foundation for the nation's current ethnic politics and fighting, underscoring the difficulties governing ethnic diversity [9]. However, the reality is different according to other scholars.…”