The importance of temperature differences, directly after anthesis, in determining growth and cellular development of<i>Malus</i>fruits

Atkinson, Carol; Taylor, L.; Kingswell, G.

doi:10.1080/14620316.2001.11511437

Cited by 17 publications

(10 citation statements)

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“…Symbols as in Table 1. Sources: (1) Bohner & Bangerth (1988); (2) Bertin et al (2003); (3) Bertin (2005); (4) Denne (1960); (5) Westwood et al (1967); (6) Quinlan & Preston (1968); (7) Goffinet et al (1995); (8) Atkinson et al (2001); (9) Marcelis (1993); (10) Marcelis & Hofman-Eijer (1993); (11) Jackson et al (1977) Wheeler, 1963, andCoombe, 1976). Although cell number is obviously important in large-scale allometric comparisons (e.g.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Some of the exceptions to this pattern have confounding factors: e.g. in Atkinson, Taylor & Kingswell (2001) differences in fruit number on a plant were due to plants being reared at different temperatures. Temperature influences cell number in cucumber Cucumis sativus (Marcelis & Hofman-Eijer, 1993) but there is also a consistent difference in cell size not seen in other fruits.…”

Section: ) Plants -Fruits and Foliagementioning

confidence: 99%

“…; (2)Bertin et al (2003); (3)Bertin (2005); (4)Denne (1960); (5)Westwood et al (1967);(6)Quinlan & Preston (1968); (7)Goffinet et al (1995); (8)Atkinson et al (2001); (9)Marcelis (1993); (10)Marcelis & Hofman-Eijer (1993); (11)Jackson et al (1977) …”

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confidence: 99%

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Ecological correlates of body size in relation to cell size and cell number: patterns in flies, fish, fruits and foliage

Arendt

2007

Biological Reviews

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Body size is important to most aspects of biology and is also one of the most labile traits. Despite its importance we know remarkably little about the proximate (developmental) factors that determine body size under different circumstances. Here, I review what is known about how cell size and number contribute to phenetic and genetic variation in body size in Drosophila melanogaster, several fish, and fruits and leaves of some angiosperms. Variation in resources influences size primarily through changes in cell number while temperature acts through cell size. The difference in cellular mechanism may also explain the differences in growth trajectories resulting from food and temperature manipulations. There is, however, a poorly recognized interaction between food and temperature effects that needs further study. In addition, flies show a sexual dimorphism in temperature effects with the larger sex responding by changes in cell size and the smaller sex showing changes in both cell size and number. Leaf size is more variable than other organs, but there appears to be a consistent difference between how shade-tolerant and shade-intolerant species respond to light level. The former have larger leaves via cell size under shade, the latter via cell number in light conditions. Genetic differences, primarily from comparisons of D. melanogaster, show similar variation. Direct selection on body size alters cell number only, while temperature selection results in increased cell size and decreased cell number. Population comparisons along latitudinal clines show that larger flies have both larger cells and more cells. Use of these proximate patterns can give clues as to how selection acts in the wild. For example, the latitudinal pattern in D. melanogaster is usually assumed to be due to temperature, but the cellular pattern does not match that seen in laboratory selection at different temperatures.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: ) Plants -Fruits and Foliagementioning

confidence: 99%

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Ecological correlates of body size in relation to cell size and cell number: patterns in flies, fish, fruits and foliage

Arendt

2007

Biological Reviews

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“…The herbicide, terbacil, which is a photosynthesis inhibitor, is eVective at non-lethal doses although it is not registered for commercial use (Byers et al 1990a, b). Additionally, there are environmental stresses that lead to fruit abscission at this time, especially low light levels (Byers et al 1991;Greene 2002), and high temperatures (Kondo and Takahashi 1987;Atkinson et al 2001).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Isolation and characterization of genes associated with shade-induced apple abscission

et al. 2008

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Apple trees generally produce excessive number of flowers and young fruitlets, which negatively affects commercial value. Thus, thinning is an important practice by which excessive flowers and fruitlets abort. Fruit abscission is difficult to predict or control, as many factors including shading can cause fruitlets to abort. In order to understand the molecular basis of shade-induced fruit abscission, two cDNA libraries were constructed using the suppression-subtractive hybridization (SSH) method and 347 expressed sequence tags (ESTs) were obtained. 168 ESTs represent transcripts that are preferentially expressed after 24 h of shading, and the other 179 are derived from RNAs of small apple fruits that were shaded for 72 h. Sequence analyses revealed that these clones represent 68 (24 h) and 44 (72 h) unique genes; these genes belong in eight functional categories. The largest set of genes is related to carbohydrate metabolism including the sorbitol 6-phosphate dehydrogenase (S6PDH) gene that was generally believed not to be expressed in young fruits, while the second largest group contains unclassified or unknown genes. RNA gel blot analysis confirmed that at least 26 genes are up-regulated after shade treatment. Some of these known genes may serve as molecular markers for apple monitoring the induction of fruitlet abscission. Improved genetic understanding is critical to the development of targeted abscission agents to better control apple crop loads and optimize apple production.

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“…Fruit trees generally produce more fruitlets than they can support to harvest, and fruit abscission is a normal physiological event during fruit development due to a self-regulatory mechanism to reduce fruit load ( Bangerth, 2000 ). However, under adverse conditions, such as shading ( Yuan and Huang, 1988 ; Zhou et al, 2008 ; Li et al, 2013 ), high temperatures ( Atkinson et al, 2001 ; Gazit and Degani, 2002 ), or abrupt temperature fluctuations ( Yang et al, 2010 ), this mechanism may cause excessive fruit abscission. According to Lakso et al (2006) , environmental factors affect fruit abscission based on the carbohydrate supply–demand balance, and higher carbohydrate availability reduces sensitivities to abscission-inducing stresses or fruit-thinning chemicals.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Burst of reactive oxygen species in pedicel-mediated fruit abscission after carbohydrate supply was cut off in longan (Dimocarpus longan)

et al. 2015

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Cutting off carbohydrate supply to longan (Dimocarpus longan Lour.) fruit by girdling and defoliation or by detachment induced 100% abscission within a few days. We used these treatments to study the involvement of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in fruit abscission. Girdling plus defoliation decreased sugar concentrations in the fruit and pedicel and depleted starch grains in the chloroplasts in the cells of abscission zone. Prior to the occurrence of intensive fruit abscission, there was a burst in ROS in the pedicel, which peaked at 1 day after treatment (DAT), when H2O2 in the abscission zone was found to be chiefly located along the plasma membrane (PM). H2O2 was found exclusively in the cell walls 2 DAT, almost disappeared 3 DAT, and reappeared in the mitochondria and cell walls 4 DAT. Signs of cell death such as cytoplasm breakdown were apparent from 3 DAT. The burst of ROS coincided with a sharp increase in the activity of PM-bound NADPH oxidase in the pedicel. At the same time, activities of antioxidant enzymes including superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase, and peroxidase (POD) were all increased by the treatment and maintained higher than those in the control. Accompanying the reduction in H2O2 abundance, there was a sharp decrease in PM-bound NADPH oxidase activity after 1 DAT in the treated fruit. H2O2 scavenger dimethylthiourea (DMTU, 1 g L–1) significantly inhibited fruit abscission in detached fruit clusters and suppressed the increase in cellulase activity in the abscission zone. These results suggest that fruit abscission induced by carbohydrate stress is mediated by ROS. Roles of ROS in regulating fruit abscission were discussed in relation to its subcellular distribution.

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The importance of temperature differences, directly after anthesis, in determining growth and cellular development ofMalusfruits

Cited by 17 publications

References 0 publications

Ecological correlates of body size in relation to cell size and cell number: patterns in flies, fish, fruits and foliage

Ecological correlates of body size in relation to cell size and cell number: patterns in flies, fish, fruits and foliage

Isolation and characterization of genes associated with shade-induced apple abscission

Burst of reactive oxygen species in pedicel-mediated fruit abscission after carbohydrate supply was cut off in longan (Dimocarpus longan)

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