The influence of a residual group in low‐molecular‐weight allergoids of <i>Artemisia vulgaris</i> pollen on their allergenicity, IgE‐ and IgG‐binding properties

Cirković, T; Gavrović-Jankulović, Marija; Prisic, Sladjana; Jankov, Ratko M.; Burazer, Lidija; Vučković, Olga; Šporčić, Zorica; Paranos, S

doi:10.1034/j.1398-9995.2002.23739.x

Cited by 18 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…When these sera were used to load RBL cells, native extract as well as allergoid stimulated comparable mediator release from the basophil cells. These results regarding the native allergen-specific IgE are in accordance with results that show reduced allergenic activity of allergoids in vivo and in vitro [13, 14, 29], which confirms that some IgE epitopes might be altered or no longer directly accessible after modification. Allergoid production links allergens and non-allergenic proteins, thereby unpredictably changing the nature and distribution of IgE epitopes.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 78%

“…These so-called allergoids have been in use for SIT for the last 30 years [8, 9, 10, 11, 12]. They are usually generated by incubating the native extracts in the presence of cross-linking agents like formaldehyde, glutaraldehyde or other substances reacting with ε-amino acids [13], which results in the formation of more or less large protein complexes. These complexes show a fundamentally reduced capacity to bind IgE [14, 15]depending on the size of the formed complexes, thereby minimizing the release of anaphylaxis-inducing mediators.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Characterization of Modified Allergen Extracts by in vitro β-Hexosaminidase Release from Rat Basophils

Gehlhar

Peters

Brockmann

et al. 2005

Int Arch Allergy Immunol

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Background: To date, there is no well-established test available that can be used to measure functional properties of modified allergens (allergoids). Due to the cross-linking process, the IgE-binding capacity of the allergens, normally necessary for their characterization, is lost. The aim of this study was to test whether the rat basophilic leukaemia (RBL) cell assay (β-hexosaminidase release by rat basophils upon allergen stimulation) can be adopted to characterize allergoids and to evaluate the assay for testing allergoids and native allergens as well. Methods: Mice were immunized with native and modified Phleumpratense extracts in the presence of alum. Their sera were used to sensitize RBL-2H3 cells and measure basophil stimulation induced by different allergen extracts in the presence or absence of various additives. Results: Sera containing specific IgE against both extract formulations were obtained. Native as well as modified extracts induced dose-dependent β-hexosaminidase release from RBL cells. Both extracts were used to evaluate the characteristics of the assay, which showed high precision. Storage conditions were chosen to enhance extract degradation, which could be read directly from the altered stimulatory capacity of the extracts. Additives turned out to have diverse effects on the assay, whereas phenol had no measurable effect, alum had an inhibitory effect and glycerol elevated basophil activation. Conclusions: For the first time, a reliable, precise in vitro assay is available that is able to directly measure the properties of modified allergen extracts after their production process. The test is well evaluated and its advantages and limitations are discussed in this report.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 78%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization of Modified Allergen Extracts by in vitro β-Hexosaminidase Release from Rat Basophils

Gehlhar

Peters

Brockmann

et al. 2005

Int Arch Allergy Immunol

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…These reports all conclude that allergoids show reduced allergenicity in IgE binding and IgE inhibition assays, different basophil activation tests, or skin tests [10,13,14,15]. This was confirmed in the present study (fig.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 80%

“…Studies of allergoids have demonstrated reduced allergenicity by various in vitro methods as well as skin prick testing [10,13,14,15], and treatment with allergoids has shown efficacy in reducing symptom and medication scores in some studies [7, 8]. However, the clinical effect of allergoids may be compromised because they seem to lack the ability to modify allergen-specific T cell responses [12, 17].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In vitro studies have shown that allergoids exhibit reduced IgE binding and lead to abrogated activation of human basophils and basophil cell lines [10, 13, 14], and this has been confirmed in vivo by human skin prick tests [10, 15]. On the other hand, in vitro T cell responses to allergoids have been reported to be markedly reduced compared to responses to intact allergens [16,17,18], even though other reports seem to suggest that this mainly depended on the type of APC used [18, 19].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Chemical Modification of Birch Allergen Extract Leads to a Reduction in Allergenicity as well as Immunogenicity

Würtzen

Lund

et al. 2007

Int Arch Allergy Immunol

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Background: In Europe, specific immunotherapy is currently conducted with vaccines containing allergen preparations based on intact extracts. In addition to this, chemically modified allergen extracts (allergoids) are used for specific allergy treatment. Reduced allergenicity and thereby reduced risk of side effects in combination with retained ability to activate T cells and induce protective allergen-specific antibody responses has been claimed for allergoids. In the current study, we compared intact allergen extracts and allergoids with respect to allergenicity and immunogenicity. Methods: The immunological response to birch allergen extract, alum-adsorbed extract, birch allergoid and alum-adsorbed allergoid was investigated in vitro in human basophil histamine release assay and by stimulation of human allergen-specific T cell lines. In vivo, Bet v 1-specific IgG titers in mice were determined after repetitive immunizations. Results: In all patients tested (n = 8), allergoid stimulations led to reduced histamine release compared to the intact allergen extract. However, the allergoid preparations were not recognized by Bet v 1-specific T cell lines (n = 7), which responded strongly to the intact allergen extract. Mouse immunizations showed a clearly reduced IgG induction by allergoids and a strongly potentiating effect of the alum adjuvant. Optimal IgG titers were obtained after 3 immunizations with intact allergen extracts, while 5 immunizations were needed to obtain maximal response to the allergoid. Conclusion: The reduced histamine release observed for allergoid preparations may be at the expense of immunological efficacy because the chemical modifications lead to a clear reduction in T cell activation and the ability to induce allergen-specific IgG antibody responses.

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Food Allergens Digestibility

Veličković

Gavrović-Jankulović

2014

Food Allergens

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The influence of a residual group in low‐molecular‐weight allergoids of Artemisia vulgaris pollen on their allergenicity, IgE‐ and IgG‐binding properties

Cited by 18 publications

References 31 publications

Characterization of Modified Allergen Extracts by in vitro β-Hexosaminidase Release from Rat Basophils

Characterization of Modified Allergen Extracts by in vitro β-Hexosaminidase Release from Rat Basophils

Chemical Modification of Birch Allergen Extract Leads to a Reduction in Allergenicity as well as Immunogenicity

Food Allergens Digestibility

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