The influence of fire and permafrost on sub‐arctic stream chemistry during storms

Petrone, Kevin C.; Hinzman, L. D.; Shibata, Hideaki; Jones, Jeremy B.; Boone, Richard D.

doi:10.1002/hyp.6247

Cited by 76 publications

(86 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…We found a significant positive relationship between DOC concentration and stream discharge, which is consistent with results observed in other permafrost regions (Hinton et al, 1998;Petrone et al, 2007;Balcarczyk et al, 2009;Koch et al, 2013). The positive relationship occurred in both the wet and the dry years, suggesting that DOC export from the studied catchment is a transport-limited process.…”

Section: Discharge and Doc Exportsupporting

confidence: 91%

Hydrological processes and permafrost regulate magnitude, source and chemical characteristics of dissolved organic carbon export in a peatland catchment of northeastern China

Guo

Song

Tan

et al. 2018

Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci.

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Abstract. Permafrost thawing in peatlands has the potential to alter the catchment export of dissolved organic carbon (DOC), thus influencing the carbon balance and cycling in linked aquatic and ocean ecosystems. Peatlands along the southern margins of the Eurasian permafrost are relatively underexplored despite the considerable risks associated with permafrost degradation due to climate warming. This study examined dynamics of DOC export from a permafrost peatland catchment located in northeastern China during the 2012 to 2014 growing seasons. The estimated annual DOC loads varied greatly between 3211 and 19 022 kg yr −1 , with a mean DOC yield of 4.7 g m −2 yr −1 . Although the estimated DOC yield was in the lower range compared with other permafrost regions, it was still significant for the net carbon balance in the studied catchment. There were strong linkages between daily discharge and DOC concentrations in both wet and dry years, suggesting a transport-limited process of DOC delivery from the catchment. Discharge explained the majority of both seasonal and interannual variations of DOC concentrations, which made annual discharge a good indicator of total DOC load from the catchment. As indicated by three fluorescence indices, DOC source and chemical characteristics tracked the shift of flow paths during runoff processes closely. Interactions between the flow path and DOC chemical characteristics were greatly influenced by the seasonal thawing of the soil active layer. The deepening of the active layer due to climate warming likely increases the proportion of microbial-originated DOC in baseflow discharge.

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Section: Discharge and Doc Exportsupporting

confidence: 91%

Hydrological processes and permafrost regulate magnitude, source and chemical characteristics of dissolved organic carbon export in a peatland catchment of northeastern China

Guo

Song

Tan

et al. 2018

Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci.

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“…Permafrost thaw can have important consequences for the distribution of surface water (Roach et al, 2011;Rover et al, 2012), stream discharge and chemistry (O'Donnell et al, 2012;Petrone et al, 2007;Striegl et al, 2005;Walvoord and Striegl, 2007), and exchange between groundwater and surface water systems (Bense et al, 2009;Callegary et al, 2013;Walvoord et al, 2012). Likewise, hydrologic changes that alter the thermal forcing supplied by surface water or groundwater systems can modify the distribution of permafrost, illustrating the strong feedbacks between permafrost and hydrology.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sensitivity of airborne geophysical data to sublacustrine and near-surface permafrost thaw

Minsley¹,

Wellman²,

Walvoord

et al. 2015

The Cryosphere

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Abstract.A coupled hydrogeophysical forward and inverse modeling approach is developed to illustrate the ability of frequency-domain airborne electromagnetic (AEM) data to characterize subsurface physical properties associated with sublacustrine permafrost thaw during lake-talik formation. Numerical modeling scenarios are evaluated that consider non-isothermal hydrologic responses to variable forcing from different lake depths and for different hydrologic gradients. A novel physical property relationship connects the dynamic distribution of electrical resistivity to ice saturation and temperature outputs from the SUTRA groundwater simulator with freeze-thaw physics. The influence of lithology on electrical resistivity is controlled by a surface conduction term in the physical property relationship. Resistivity models, which reflect changes in subsurface conditions, are used as inputs to simulate AEM data in order to explore the sensitivity of geophysical observations to permafrost thaw. Simulations of sublacustrine talik formation over a 1000-year period are modeled after conditions found in the Yukon Flats, Alaska. Synthetic AEM data are analyzed with a Bayesian Markov chain Monte Carlo algorithm that quantifies geophysical parameter uncertainty and resolution. Major lithological and permafrost features are well resolved by AEM data in the examples considered. The subtle geometry of partial ice saturation beneath lakes during talik formation cannot be resolved using AEM data, but the gross characteristics of sub-lake resistivity models reflect bulk changes in ice content and can identify the presence of a talik. A final synthetic example compares AEM and ground-based electromagnetic responses for their ability to resolve shallow permafrost and thaw features in the upper 1-2 m below ground outside the lake margin.

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“…Some studies predict that changes in Arctic hydrology will result in greater riverine export of terrestrial OM due to thawing of organic-rich permafrost (Frey and Smith 2005). Other studies suggest that OM export will decrease as permafrost thaws and water flow paths deepen (e.g., Striegl et al 2005Striegl et al , 2007Petrone et al 2006Petrone et al , 2007, either because dissolved OM is trapped in newlythawed mineral soils or respired during longer residence times. At the same time, increased water flow through mineral soils (as opposed to organic rich soils) and increased net N mineralization under warmer conditions may increase hydrologic export of inorganic N (Shaver et al 1992;Jones et al 2005;Greenwald et al 2008).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Seasonal and hydrologic drivers of dissolved organic matter and nutrients in the upper Kuparuk River, Alaskan Arctic

et al. 2010

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As the planet warms, widespread changes in Arctic hydrology and biogeochemistry have been documented and these changes are expected to accelerate in the future. Improved understanding of the behavior of water-borne constituents in Arctic rivers with varying hydrologic conditions, including seasonal variations in discharge-concentration relationships, will improve our ability to anticipate future changes in biogeochemical budgets due to changing hydrology. We studied the relationship between seasonal water discharge and dissolved organic carbon and nitrogen (DOC and DON) and nutrient concentrations in the upper Kuparuk River, Arctic Alaska. Fluxes of most constituents were highest during initial snowmelt runoff in spring, indicating that this historically under-studied period contributes significantly to total annual export. In particular, the initial snowmelt period (the stream is completely frozen during the winter) accounted for upwards of 35% of total export of DOC and DON estimated for the entire study period. DOC and DON concentrations were positively correlated with discharge whereas nitrate (NO 3 -) and silicate were negatively correlated with discharge throughout the study. However, discharge-specific DOC and DON concentrations (i.e. concentrations compared at the same discharge level) decreased over the summer whereas discharge-specific concentrations of NO 3 -and silicate increased. Soluble reactive phosphorus (SRP) and ammonium (NH 4 ? ) were negatively correlated with discharge during the spring thaw, but were less predictable with respect to discharge thereafter. These data provide valuable information on how Arctic watershed biogeochemistry will be affected by future changes in temperature, snowfall, and rainfall in the Arctic. In particular, our results add to a growing body of research showing that nutrient export per unit of stream discharge, particularly NO 3 -, is increasing in the Arctic.

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The influence of fire and permafrost on sub‐arctic stream chemistry during storms

Cited by 76 publications

References 41 publications

Hydrological processes and permafrost regulate magnitude, source and chemical characteristics of dissolved organic carbon export in a peatland catchment of northeastern China

Hydrological processes and permafrost regulate magnitude, source and chemical characteristics of dissolved organic carbon export in a peatland catchment of northeastern China

Sensitivity of airborne geophysical data to sublacustrine and near-surface permafrost thaw

Seasonal and hydrologic drivers of dissolved organic matter and nutrients in the upper Kuparuk River, Alaskan Arctic

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