The influence of polymeric component of bioactive glass‐based nanocomposite paste on its rheological behaviors and in vitro responses: Hyaluronic acid versus sodium alginate

Abstract

Different biocomposite pastes were prepared from a solid phase that was nanoparticles of sol-gel-derived bioactive glass and different liquid phases including 3% hyaluronic acid solution, sodium alginate solutions (3% and 10 %) or mixtures of hyaluronic acid and sodium alginate (3% or 10 %) solutions in 50:50 volume ratio. Rheological properties of the pastes were measured in both rotatory and oscillatory modes. The washout behavior and in vitro apatite formation of the pastes were determined by soaking them in simulated body fluid under dynamic situation for 14 days. The proliferation and alkaline phosphatase activity of MG-63 osteoblastic cells were also determined using extracts of the pastes. All pastes could be easily injected from the standard syringes with different tip diameters. All pastes exhibited visco-elastic character, but a nonthixotropic paste was obtained using hyaluronic acid in which the loss modulus was higher than the storage modulus. The thixotropy and storage modulus were increasingly improved by adding/using sodium alginate as mixing liquid. Moreover, the pastes in which the liquid phase was sodium alginate or mixture of hyaluronic acid and 10% sodium alginate solution revealed better apatite formation ability and washout resistance than that made of hyaluronic acid alone. No cytotoxicity effects were observed by extracts of the pastes on osteoblasts but better alkaline phosphatase activity was found for the pastes containing hyaluronic acid. Overall, injectable biocomposites can be produced by mixing bioactive glass nanoparticles and sodium alginate/hyaluronic acid polymers. They are potentially useful for hard and even soft tissues treatments.

Effects of GPTMS concentration and powder to liquid ratio on the flowability and biodegradation behaviors of 45S5 bioglass/tragacanth bioactive composite pastes

“…Subsequently the contact area and interaction between glass particles and the gum will be higher, which in turn results in the higher viscosity of the paste. To formulate a paste with suitable fluidity and injectability, the particle size of the glass should be maintained at an optimal level . With regards to the formation of the pastes with appropriate rheological properties, it appears that the glass particles are of the optimal size.…”

Rheology, injectability, and bioactivity of bioactive glass containing chitosan/gelatin, nano pastes

“…The absorption bands at 1,630 and 3,000-3,750 cm −1 are assigned to OH. [36,63] The bands at approximately 560 and 603 cm −1 are also attributed to ν 4 -(PO 4 ) 3− of apatite. [38] In pure gelatin, NH bending and CN stretch are shown at 1,238 cm −1 for amide III.…”

The use of nanomaterials to treat bone infections

“…This is a relatively new idea in the field, but has merit due to its ability for thermoregulation, particle size regulation, structural support, and bone compatibility/binding abilities. 68 The problem however is that in at least one study, the gelation points become very sensitive to increasing amounts of these compounds. 69 Thus, more research is needed on the subject.…”

“…Consequently, this resulted in decreased migration of necessary degradation products to the osteoblasts and diminished results. 91 …”