The influence of various methods of cold storage of skin on the permeation of melatonin and nimesulide

Babu, R. Jayachandra; Kanikkannan, Narayanasamy; Kikwai, Loice; Ortega, C. M. E.; Andega, S.; Ball, Karen; Yim, Sung-Vin; Singh, Mandip

doi:10.1016/s0168-3659(02)00368-1

Cited by 46 publications

(43 citation statements)

References 30 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…The current data support previous observations that enzyme activity decreases as a function of skin storage time [35] . The permeability of the drugs across the stored skin can also be dependent on the storage condition, the length of storage and the physicochemical properties of the drug under study [36] .…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Topical Delivery of Retinyl Ascorbate Co-Drug

Abdulmajed

McGuigan

Heard³

2006

Skin Pharmacol Physiol

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Chemical and enzymatic hydrolysis of the co-drug of retinoic acid (vitamin A) and ascorbic acid (vitamin C) – retinyl ascorbate (RA-AsA) – have been studied. Firstly, the amount of protein and ester hydrolysis activity was determined in crude cellular extracts from freshly excised porcine ear skin (<3 h) and stored porcine ear skin (frozen >6 months) using ethyl butyrate as model substrate. The stability of RA-AsA was then determined in the crude cell extracts with and without additional antioxidants. Lastly, the enzymatic hydrolysis of RA-AsA and retinyl-2-carboxy-2-hydroxy-ethanoate were determined by incubating with porcine liver esterase – retinol palmitate and ascorbyl palmitate were included for comparison. Freshly excised skin contained higher amounts of active proteins than previously frozen skin. RA-AsA underwent hydrolytic reduction causing the AsA moiety to disintegrate due to the presence of free radicals in the media. An intermediate was produced that seemed to be cleaved by enzymes. Addition of ascorbic acid, as antioxidant, to the media of crude protein extracts decelerated the hydrolysis rate. This was supported when RA-AsA and retinyl-2-carboxy-2-hydroxy-ethanoate were incubated separately with pure esterase. There was ∼5-fold more soluble protein per ml of cytosol in the fresh skin compared to the stored skin. Therefore, the amount of protein present within ∼1.5 cm² of skin (average diffusion area in the Franz cells used in our skin penetration studies) was 0.06 mg cm^–2 and 0.01 mg cm^–2 for fresh and stored extracts, respectively.

show abstract

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Topical Delivery of Retinyl Ascorbate Co-Drug

Abdulmajed

McGuigan

Heard³

2006

Skin Pharmacol Physiol

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Bronaugh et al [5] and Harrison et al [10] reported that no differences between fresh and frozen human skin for water permeability, while Babu et al [2] reported that freezing skin slightly influences the permeability of drugs through rat skin. However, the methods used for freezing of fresh SD rat skins and thawing of frozen SD rat skins in this study were different from those used by Babu et al…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Usefulness of Rat Skin as a Substitute for Human Skin in the in Vitro Skin Permeation Study

et al. 2011

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats are broadly used in preclinical studies for drug development, so a lot of information for the rats can be obtained especially from pharmacokinetic, pharmacological and toxicological studies. The purpose of this study was to clarify whether SD rat skin can be used to predict human skin permeability. In vitro permeation studies of the three model drugs, nicorandil, isosorbide dinitrate, and flurbiprofen, through human skin and SD rat skin were performed using Franz-type diffusion cells. The permeation rates of the three model drugs through human skin and SD rat skin were determined, and their variations were evaluated. The inter-individual variations in SD rat skin permeability of the three model drugs were much lower than that in human skin permeability, although the permeation rates of the three model drugs through the SD rat skin were about twice those through human skin. In addition, no difference in the skin permeability coefficients of the three model drugs was obtained between fresh SD rat skin and frozen SD rat skin. The markedly smaller variation in the permeability through SD rat skin compared with that through human skin indicated that in vitro permeation studies using SD rat skin would be especially useful for evaluating differences in the skin permeability of the three model drugs as well as for predicting human skin permeability.

show abstract

“…Permeability analyses have been performed on different animals' frozen skin, such as pig [13][14][15], rat [16][17][18] mouse [19], cattle [20], monkey [21], and dog [22]. In most of the cases, analyses showed an augmentation of the flux.…”

Section: Volume 1 Issue 2 -2017mentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Freezing on Functionality and Physicochemical Properties of A 3D-Human Skin Model

Pouliot¹,

Angers²,

Dubois-Declercq³

et al. 2017

JDC

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Short AbstractThree-dimensional skin substitutes reconstructed by tissue engineering have strong potential to emulate skin conditions in vivo, although their production necessitates a relatively long period of time. Storage of cryopreserved substitutes among time, using some kind of banking system, would be a conceivable solution to make their utilization more appealing for dermopharmaceutical testing. This study evaluated the effects of freezing at -20 °C over a period of 2 months on the structural and physicochemical properties of skin substitutes produced by tissue engineering. IntroductionLocated at the interface between the human body and the exterior environment, skin is the first line of defense against pathogens, chemicals, and harmful mechanical stimuli [1]. Due to its large surface area and its structural and functional complexity, regenerating a complete human skin represents a big challenge. Over the past years, different human skin substitute models have evolved in order to treat victims of severe burns and chronic cutaneous wounds [2]. Skin substitutes are useful in both applied and fundamental fields of research. They can be grafted as skin replacement in clinical applications or used for various types of skin tests, such as dermopharmacology and toxicology studies [2,3]. Skin substitutes properties must be as close as possible to those of normal skin [4].Over the past decade or so, the use of animals in fundamental and applied research has been subject to social debates, and this has led to the creation of more restrictive legislations, such as the addition of the Seventh Amendment to the European Union's Cosmetic Directive [4]. Utilization of skin substitutes to perform tests allowed for the elimination, or at least reduction, of controversial animal testing. Moreover, as animal skin differs in many ways to human skin, well representative skin substitutes could improve the validity of performed tests [5]. In order to increase efficiency, rapid access to skin substitutes is critical. Therefore, optimized storage methods are needed [6].Cryopreservation is an approach that has been under much investigation recently. The impact of various freezing conditions has been tested on animal and human skins. Among all tests performed, permeability analysis is one of the most commonly used in the literature. This test is based on the fact that skin, despite its crucial involvement as a barrier against exogenous material, remains permeable to most substances. AbstractBackground: Three-dimensional skin substitutes reconstructed by tissue engineering have strong potential to emulate skin conditions in vivo, although their production necessitates a relatively long period of time. Storage of cryopreserved substitutes among time, using some kind of banking system, would be a conceivable solution to make their utilization more appealing for dermo pharmaceutical testing. This study evaluated the effects of freezing at -20 °C over a period of 2 months on the structural and physicochemical properties of skin substitu...

show abstract

The influence of various methods of cold storage of skin on the permeation of melatonin and nimesulide

Cited by 46 publications

References 30 publications

Topical Delivery of Retinyl Ascorbate Co-Drug

Topical Delivery of Retinyl Ascorbate Co-Drug

Usefulness of Rat Skin as a Substitute for Human Skin in the in Vitro Skin Permeation Study

Effects of Freezing on Functionality and Physicochemical Properties of A 3D-Human Skin Model

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About