The influenced of PAC, zeolite, and Moringa oleifera as biofouling reducer (BFR) on hybrid membrane bioreactor of palm oil mill effluent (POME)

Treatment of stabilized landfill leachate in an integrated adsorption–fine-ultrafiltration system

“…In general, adsorption in the first stage of technological systems is used to improve the removal of dissolved organic matter and to increase membrane capacity. PAC, which adsorbs organic molecules, can be used as a "flux enhancer," thus improving the filterability (Damayanti et al 2011). However, in the present study, the presence of PAC particles in the feed caused membrane blocking.…”

“…PAC addition can reduce membrane fouling by preventing adsorption of organics on the membrane surface, which improves permeate flux, lengthens filtration runs and prolongs membrane life (Damayanti et al 2011). However, Mozia et al (2005) and Zhao et al (2005) found that PAC reduced or did not reduce the flux, depending on membrane hydrophobicity.…”

Production of biogas and performance evaluation of existing treatment processes in palm oil mill effluent (POME)

“…Damayanti et al determined the effectiveness of three different bio-fouling reducers (BFRs) namely powdered active carbon (PAC), zeolite (Ze), and Moringa oleifera (Mo) in hybrid membrane bioreactor (MBR) of POME. The PAC exhibited the best efficiency as compared to others and removed 70% soluble microbial products whereas Ze and Mo removed 42% and 56% in short-term filtration, respectively [177]. Yuniarto used powder activated carbon (PAC) and zeolite to improve the effluent quality and reduction of bio-fouling.…”

Influence of membrane fouling reducers (MFRs) on filterability of disperse mixed liquor of Jet Loop Bioreactors

“…These chemicals, which was named as membrane fouling reducers (MFRs) or membrane flux enhancers (MFEs), could improve the characteristics of mixed liquor and so enhance the membrane performances (Yang et al, 2010). Many different chemicals have been tested including diatomite (Yang et al, 2010), powdered activated carbon (Damayanti et al, 2011), starch (Iversen et al, 2009a,b), cationic polymers (Koseoglu et al, 2008;Yoon and Collins, 2006), chitosan (Ji et al, 2008;Guo et al, 2010), aluminum sulfate (Al 2 (SO 4 ) 3 ) (Ji et al, 2008), polymeric ferric sulfate (PFS) (Ji et al, 2008) and FeCI 3 (Guo et al, 2010). It has been shown that the influence of MFRs on the flux enhancement of MBRs could occur in different ways; by binding the soluble microbial products (soluble EPS) from the supernatant and by increasing particle size of the sludge (Guo et al, 2010).…”