The innovativeself - adjustable Adspecs TM

Carlson, Anthony

doi:10.4102/aveh.v64i1.205

Cited by 2 publications

(5 citation statements)

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“…However, when compared with cycloplegia subjective refraction, the refraction differed for all methods in urban and rural children. This finding is similar to previous studies that also reported differences in refractive outcomes between self-refracting methods and clinical standard of CSR due to mechanical and optical limitations of adjustable glasses 18 23 25–27. The results, however, are contrary to suggestions that children from less socioeconomic background are less likely to accurately perform self-refraction compared with their counterparts from more privileged backgrounds 17.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 86%

Refractive error correction among urban and rural school children using two self-adjustable spectacles

et al. 2023

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ObjectiveSelf-refracting spectacles (SRSs) have different optical and mechanical designs, which may affect the refractive outcome, depending on the experience of the end user. This study compared the performance of two SRS among children in Ghana.Methods and analysisA cross-sectional study of two Alvarez variable-focus SRS designs was conducted. A total of 167 children (mean age 13.6±1.6 years) identified as having refractive error were recruited from 2465 students who underwent screening. Subjects completed self-refraction using FocusSpecs, and Adlens, autorefraction and cycloplegic subjective refraction (CSR) (gold standard). Wilcoxon signed-rank test was used to compare visual outcomes and accuracy of refraction and graphically illustrated using Bland-Altman plots.ResultsEighty (47.9%) urban and 87 (52.1%) rural children were analysed and only about one-quarter 40 (24.0%) wore spectacles. The proportion who achieved visual acuity of ≥6/7.5 with FocusSpec, Adlens, autorefraction and CSR among urban schools were 92.6%, 92.4%, 60% and 92.6%, while those in rural schools were 81.6%, 86.2%, 54.0% and 95.4%, respectively. The mean±SD spherical equivalent errors for urban and rural schools using FocusSpec, Adlens and CSR were −1.05±0.61 D, –0.97±0.58 D and −0.78±0.53 D; and −0.47±0.51 D, –0.55±0.43 D and −0.27±0.11 D, respectively. The mean differences between the two self-refraction spectacles for urban and rural schools were not statistically different (p>0.00) but differed significantly when both were compared with the gold standard (CSR) (p<0.05).ConclusionBackground and refraction experience of school children did not significantly affect self-refraction.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 86%

Refractive error correction among urban and rural school children using two self-adjustable spectacles

et al. 2023

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“… 9 , 32 Only one study in Ghana looked at the benefit of adjustable spectacles for near vision, although this study only had a small group of 16 participants aged 40+ years. 37 The study found that 6/6 vision was achieved by eleven of the 16 participants (78.6%) with self-adjustable silicone liquid-filled spectacles. 37 …”

Section: Self-adjustable Spectaclesmentioning

confidence: 94%

“… 37 The study found that 6/6 vision was achieved by eleven of the 16 participants (78.6%) with self-adjustable silicone liquid-filled spectacles. 37 …”

Section: Self-adjustable Spectaclesmentioning

confidence: 94%

“…The spectacles have been validated for use for distance vision among adults in the USA and Nicaragua,16 Ghana, Malawi, Nepal, and India,31 and among children in the People’s Republic of China 9,32. Only one study in Ghana looked at the benefit of adjustable spectacles for near vision, although this study only had a small group of 16 participants aged 40+ years 37. The study found that 6/6 vision was achieved by eleven of the 16 participants (78.6%) with self-adjustable silicone liquid-filled spectacles 37…”

Section: Self-adjustable Spectaclesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Different types of self-adjustable spectacles have been validated in studies both in the developed and developing world ( Table 1 ). Self-adjustable spectacles (liquid filled) have been tried in school-aged children in the USA 36 and the People’s Republic of China, 9 , 32 and in older populations in the USA, 16 South Africa, 31 , 37 Ghana, 31 , 37 Malawi, 31 Nepal, 31 and Nicaragua. 16 Cycloplegic refraction was considered the gold standard in the studies in the USA 36 and the People’s Republic of China.…”

Section: Self-adjustable Spectaclesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Self-adjustable glasses in the developing world

Gudlavalleti

Allagh

Gudlavalleti

2014

OPTH

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Uncorrected refractive errors are the single largest cause of visual impairment globally. Refractive errors are an avoidable cause of visual impairment that are easily correctable. Provision of spectacles is a cost-effective measure. Unfortunately, this simple solution becomes a public health challenge in low- and middle-income countries because of the paucity of human resources for refraction and optical services, lack of access to refraction services in rural areas, and the cost of spectacles. Low-cost approaches to provide affordable glasses in developing countries are critical. A number of approaches has been tried to surmount the challenge, including ready-made spectacles, the use of focometers and self-adjustable glasses, among other modalities. Recently, self-adjustable spectacles have been validated in studies in both children and adults in developed and developing countries. A high degree of agreement between self-adjustable spectacles and cycloplegic subjective refraction has been reported. Self-refraction has also been found to be less prone to accommodative inaccuracy compared with non-cycloplegic autorefraction. The benefits of self-adjusted spectacles include: the potential for correction of both distance and near vision, applicability for all ages, the empowerment of lay workers, the increased participation of clients, augmented awareness of the mechanism of refraction, reduced costs of optical and refraction units in low-resource settings, and a relative reduction in costs for refraction services. Concerns requiring attention include a need for the improved cosmetic appearance of the currently available self-adjustable spectacles, an increased range of correction (currently −6 to +6 diopters), compliance with international standards, quality and affordability, and the likely impact on health systems. Self-adjustable spectacles show poor agreement with conventional refraction methods for high myopia and are unable to correct astigmatism. A limitation of the fluid-filled adjustable spectacles (AdSpecs, Adaptive Eyecare Ltd, Oxford, UK) is that once the spectacles are self-adjusted and the power fixed, they become unalterable, just like conventional spectacles. Therefore, they will need to be changed as refractive power changes over time. Current costs of adjustable spectacles are high in developing countries and therefore not affordable to a large segment of the population. Self-adjustable spectacles have potential for “upscaling” if some of the concerns raised are addressed satisfactorily.

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The innovativeself - adjustable Adspecs TM

Cited by 2 publications

References 0 publications

Refractive error correction among urban and rural school children using two self-adjustable spectacles

Refractive error correction among urban and rural school children using two self-adjustable spectacles

Self-adjustable glasses in the developing world

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