The Ins and Outs of Liver Imaging

O’Neill, Erin; Cogley, Jonathan R.; Miller, Frank H.

doi:10.1016/j.cld.2014.09.006

Cited by 25 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 78 publications

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“…This movement is restricted by cell membranes, resulting in tissues with different cellularity having differences in water mobility [2,12]. A specialized MR tool, diffusion weighted imaging (DWI) derives image contrast from these differences [5,11]. Highly cellular tissues, like neoplasms, show restriction to diffusion and appear hyperintense in DW images [2,12].…”

Section: Diffusion Weighted Imagingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…DWI has been increasingly applied to liver MR as an excellent complementary tool for lesion detection and characterization, increasing clinical confidence and decreasing false positives [5,11,14].…”

Section: Diffusion Weighted Imagingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The role of DWI in distinguishing solid benign liver lesions from malignant ones is more limited and generally requires additional input from DCE-MR [5,14]. DWI may also help in predicting and monitoring tumour response to treatment [5,12].…”

Section: Diffusion Weighted Imagingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…When compared to its main competitor CT, MR has a higher contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR), lack of ionizing radiation exposure and uses contrast agents with the ability to explore both extracellular and hepatocellular compartments [2,3,5].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…There are however some constraints, like higher cost, longer acquisition time, greater need for patient collaboration and individual patient limitations, like claustrophobia, presence of pacemakers and poor renal function, the latter specifically for contrast-enhanced MR (DCE-MR) [5].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Liver MRI: From basic protocol to advanced techniques

Donato

França

Candelária

et al. 2017

European Journal of Radiology

112

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A B S T R A C TLiver MR is a well-established modality with multiparametric capabilities. However, to take advantage of its full capacity, it is mandatory to master the technique and optimize imaging protocols, apply advanced imaging concepts and understand the use of different contrast media. Physiologic artefacts although inherent to upper abdominal studies can be minimized using triggering techniques and new strategies for motion control. For standardization, the liver MR protocol should include motion-resistant T2-w sequences, in-op phase GRE T1 and T2-w fast spin echo sequences with fat suppression. Diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) is mandatory, especially for detection of sub-centimetre metastases. Contrast-enhanced MR is the cornerstone of liver MR, especially for lesion characterization. Although extracellular agents are the most extensively used contrast agents, hepatobiliary contrast media can provide an extra-layer of functional diagnostic information adding to the diagnostic value of liver MR. The use of high field strength (3T) increases SNR but is more challenging especially concerning artefact control. Quantitative MR belongs to the new and evolving field of radiomics where the use of emerging biomarkers such as perfusion or DWI can derive new information regarding disease detection, prognostication and evaluation of tumour response. This information can overcome some of the limitations of current tests, especially when using vascular disruptive agents for oncologic treatment assessment. MR is, today, a robust, mature, multiparametric imaging modality where clinical applications have greatly expanded from morphology to advanced imaging. This new concept should be acknowledged by all those involved in producing high quality, high-end liver MR studies.

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