The Interactions between Host Glycobiology, Bacterial Microbiota, and Viruses in the Gut

Monedero, Vicente; Buesa, Javier; Rodrı́guez-Dı́az, Jesús

doi:10.3390/v10020096

Cited by 50 publications

(49 citation statements)

References 84 publications

(109 reference statements)

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“…The ABO blood group is intimately linked to another blood group of carbohydrate origin: the Lewis blood type [94]. Serologically, Lewis status is defined by the expression of two main antigens: Lea and Leb antigens [95].…”

Section: Food Glycans and Antigensmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Four possible Lewis phenotypes, although only three are commonly encountered in adults : Le(a+b-), Le (a-b+), and Le(a-b-). Lewis glycans are also important in the distinction of humans into two categories based on secretor and non-secretor status [94]. The HBGA and ABO moieties have a wide tissue distribution in human cells [96].…”

Section: Food Glycans and Antigensmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Since the main glycan structure in the human body is the HBGA glycoform, microbes have high affinity to each individual's ABO glycophenotype. Indeed, recent findings strongly suggest HBGA are an important factor modulating the intestinal microbial composition [11,94]. There is hence an alignment between the host ABO phenotype and the HBGA expressing bacteria (microbiome) [155].…”

Section: Glycan Reactionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Actually, human gut microbiota degrades both dietary and host glycans with the use of carbohydrate active enzymes (CAZymes) [156]. Those that are better suited to attach to a particular ABO phenotype will have the advantage to better feed on host glycans for carbon and energy [94,157].…”

Section: Glycan Reactionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Blood Type Diets (BTD) and Aging: An Overview

Menapace¹

2019

J Aging Sci

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It has recently been proposed that glycans, being the third alphabet of life, interact intricately with endogenous biomolecules to modulate tolerance, immune and inflammatory responses. Specifically, food glycans could impact health and be a source of inflammation and age-related diseases. These special carbohydrates are present as glycoconjugates (glycoproteins or glycolipids) in and on the surface of all the cells (glycocalyx) of all organisms or are found in free form in biological fluids. Recent advances in glycobiology and glycochemistry have shown how glycans bind with naturally present human proteins (lectins), through protein-carbohydrate interactions (or PCI), but also how oligosaccharides can interact with other glycans, present throughout the human body (through carbohydrate-carbohydrate interactions, or CCI). Oligosaccharides present in food sources, which go beyond the definition of normal fibers, once ingested are then either absorbed in the bloodstream, where they are recognized by the immune system, or interact with the surface of GI epithelial cells, thus generating appropriate biochemical cascades that induce a tolerance or immune/inflammatory response. Because the ABO epitopes have been encountered on all human cells, not just erythrocytes and based on the different biotypology (A, AB, B, and O) impose morphic changes in the distribution of the glycans on the glycocalyx (lipid rafts and clustered saccharide patches), their CCI with food and microbe glycans will be different, thus, eliciting contrasting responses. This can explain the epidemiological data for blood type diets (BTD). Through continuous consumption of the wrong types of glycans, processes of chronic inflammation could be initiated and progress to accelerated aging. Four basic modes of action have been identified showing how glycans can trigger inflamm-aging. Since glycobiology is a young science, further studies with newer technologies are warranted for advancement in this field.

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Section: Food Glycans and Antigensmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Food Glycans and Antigensmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Glycan Reactionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Glycan Reactionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Blood Type Diets (BTD) and Aging: An Overview

Menapace¹

2019

J Aging Sci

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“…To synthesize the H antigen is needed the addition of a fucose in the α-1,2 position by the enzyme FUT2. Lewis antigens are synthesised by the addition of a fucose residue in the position α-1,4 or α-1,3 to the terminal GlcNAc or H type I and II precursors respectively to create the different Lewis a, b, x and y antigens 7 . The secretor status is defined by the FUT2 gene, non-secretor individuals are those that lack functionality in both FUT-2 alleles and subsequently do not express H-antigen structures (Fig.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Sero-epidemiological study of the rotavirus VP8* protein from different P genotypes in Valencia, Spain

Vila-Vicent

Gozalbo-Rovira

Rubio‐del‐Campo

et al. 2020

Sci Rep

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The aims of the present work were to determine the prevalence and titer of serum antibodies against several rotavirus VP8* proteins from different P genotypes in children and adults in Valencia, Spain; and to determine the role of the secretor status (FUT2 G428A polymorphism) in the antibody response. The VP8* protein from the P[4], P[6], P[8], P[9], P[11], P[14] and P[25] genotypes were produced in E. coli. These proteins were tested with 88 serum samples from children (n = 41, 3.5 years old in average) and from adults (n = 47, 58 years old in average) by ELISA. A subset of 55 samples were genotyped for the FUT2 G428A polymorphism and the antibody titers compared. The same subset of samples was also analysed by ELISA using whole rotavirus Wa particles (G1P[8]) as antigen. Ninety-three per cent of the samples were positive for at least one of the VP8* antigens. Differences in the IgG seroprevalence were found between children and adults for the P[4], P[8] and P[11] genotypes. Similarly, significant differences were found between adults and children in their antibody titers against the P[4], P[8], and P[11] VP8* genotypes, having the children higher antibody titers than adults. Interestingly, positive samples against rare genotypes such as P[11] (only in children), P[14] and P[25]were found. While no statistical differences in the antibody titers between secretors and non-secretors were found for any of the tested P genotypes studied, a higher statistic significant prevalence for the P[25] genotype was found in secretors compared to non-secretors. Significant differences in the antibody titers between secretors and non-secretors were found when the whole viral particles from the Wa rotavirus strain (G1P[8]) were used as the antigen.Rotaviruses are the leading etiologic agent of viral gastroenteritis in infants and young children worldwide 1 . Rotavirus contains segmented, double stranded RNA genome. The rotavirus protein VP7 makes up the outer capsid protein shell and VP4 forms the spikes that emanate through the outer capsid. VP7 is a glycoprotein that determines the G-type antigen while VP4 is a protease-sensitive protein that determines the P-type antigen 2 . The common rotavirus classification involves their genome composition and their serological reactivity, so the scientific community uses the VP7, VP4 and VP6 proteins to classify them. Rotaviruses are classified into 7 groups (A to G) based in the immunological reactivity of the VP6 (middle layer viral protein). Rotaviruses from the groups A to C have been isolated from humans but the most prevalent is the group A.The two outer capsid protein, VP7 and VP4, are used to classify rotavirus in G and P types (genotypes and/or serotypes). Nowadays we can count more than 36 different G-genotypes and 51 P-genotypes (https://rega.kuleuven.be/cev/viralmetagenomics/virus-classification/rcwg). The most prevalent genotypes in humans infections are G1P[8], G2P[4], G3P[8] and G4P [8]. More recently a classification using the eleven segments of the genome has been settled...

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Association of histo‐blood group antigens and predisposition to gastrointestinal diseases

Saikia

Saharia

Singh

et al. 2022

Journal of Medical Virology

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Infectious gastroenteritis is a common illness afflicting people worldwide. The two most common etiological agents of viral gastroenteritis, rotavirus and norovirus are known to recognize histo-blood group antigens (HBGAs) as attachment receptors. ABO, Lewis, and secretor HBGAs are distributed abundantly on mucosal epithelia, red blood cell membranes, and also secreted in biological fluids, such as saliva, intestinal content, milk, and blood. HBGAs are fucosylated glycans that have been implicated in the attachment of some enteric pathogens such as bacteria, parasites, and viruses. Single nucleotide polymorphisms in the genes encoding ABO (H), fucosyltransferase gene FUT2 (Secretor/Se), FUT3 (Lewis/Le) have been associated with changes in enzyme expression and HBGAs production.The highly polymorphic HBGAs among different populations and races influence genotype-specific susceptibility or resistance to enteric pathogens and its epidemiology, and vaccination seroconversion. Therefore, there is an urgent need to conduct population-based investigations to understand predisposition to enteric infections and gastrointestinal diseases. This review focuses on the relationship between HBGAs and predisposition to common human gastrointestinal illnesses caused by viral, bacterial, and parasitic agents.

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The Interactions between Host Glycobiology, Bacterial Microbiota, and Viruses in the Gut

Cited by 50 publications

References 84 publications

Blood Type Diets (BTD) and Aging: An Overview

Blood Type Diets (BTD) and Aging: An Overview

Sero-epidemiological study of the rotavirus VP8* protein from different P genotypes in Valencia, Spain

Association of histo‐blood group antigens and predisposition to gastrointestinal diseases

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