The interferon type I signature towards prediction of non-response to rituximab in rheumatoid arthritis patients

Type I interferon–mediated autoimmune diseases: pathogenesis, diagnosis and targeted therapy

“…In myositis, pDCs infiltrate tissues and might secrete aberrant amounts of IFN-I; ISGs are significantly upregulated in both inflamed muscles and PBMCs (96)(97)(98). Serum IFN- is correlated to serum muscle enzyme levels in untreated disease among patients with juvenile dermatomyositis and inversely correlated to the duration of untreated disease (99).…”

Implications of Epithelial–Stromal Interaction 1 in Diseases Associated with Inflammatory Signaling

“…10 Taken together, these findings bring to light that EPSTI1 could play a function in autoimmune diseases through various types of immunocytes. Understanding the molecular functions of EPSTI1 in these cells could shed new light on the pathogenesis of the diseases.…”

“…In addition to its role in cancer, EPSTI1 has also been implicated in immune privilege, 1,7,8 autoimmune disorders, 9,10 fetal development, 11,12 apoptosis regulation, 13 adipose tissue metabolism, 14,15 and hepatitis virus infection. 16,17 Importantly, all these biological processes appear to be associated with the stromal or inflammatory factors, such as interferon alpha (IFN-α) and transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β).…”

“…It was found upregulated in many of the most serious autoimmune diseases, including systemic lupus erythematous (SLE), 9 Sjogren's syndrome, 66 spondyloarthritis, 67 idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura, 9 histiocytic necrotizing lymphadenitis, 68 and rheumatoid arthritis. 10 In a paper showing the gene expression profile of SLE, EPSTI1 was found upregulated in B lymphocytes and cytotoxic (CD8 + ) T lymphocytes, while the highest expression of EPSTI1 was in monocytes. 9 In addition, EPSTI1 is upregulated in histiocytic necrotizing lymphadenitis, a rare disease characterized by an excess mass primarily filled with macrophages, dendritic cells, and plasmacytoid cells.…”

Rheumatoid Arthritis: A Case for Personalized Health Care?

“…There also have been many attempts to utilize gene expression analysis to identify biomarkers of biologic therapeutic response, as reviewed by Smith et al (21), but most have been limited by modest numbers of subjects. However, the association of transcriptional biomarkers of interferon signaling with rituximab by independent groups of researchers (22)(23)(24) suggests there may be promise in this approach, following robust clinical validation. The production of antibodies against biologic agents, such as those to anti-TNF antagonists, has also proved to be associated with response (25).…”