The “Intermediate” CD14++CD16+ monocyte subset increases in severe peripheral artery disease in humans

Abstract

Monocytes are key players in atherosclerotic. Human monocytes display a considerable heterogeneity and at least three subsets can be distinguished. While the role of monocyte subset heterogeneity has already been well investigated in coronary artery disease (CAD), the knowledge about monocytes and their heterogeneity in peripheral artery occlusive disease (PAOD) still is limited. Therefore, we aimed to investigate monocyte subset heterogeneity in patients with PAOD. Peripheral blood was obtained from 143 patients suffering from PAOD (Rutherford stage I to VI) and three monocyte subsets were identified by flow cytometry: CD14++CD16− classical monocytes, CD14+CD16++ non-classical monocytes and CD14++CD16+ intermediate monocytes. Additionally the expression of distinct surface markers (CD106, CD162 and myeloperoxidase MPO) was analyzed. Proportions of CD14++CD16+ intermediate monocyte levels were significantly increased in advanced stages of PAOD, while classical and non-classical monocytes displayed no such trend. Moreover, CD162 and MPO expression increased significantly in intermediate monocyte subsets in advanced disease stages. Likewise, increased CD162 and MPO expression was noted in CD14++CD16− classical monocytes. These data suggest substantial dynamics in monocyte subset distributions and phenotypes in different stages of PAOD, which can either serve as biomarkers or as potential therapeutic targets to decrease the inflammatory burden in advanced stages of atherosclerosis.

Impact of CD14++CD16+ monocytes on plaque vulnerability in diabetic and non-diabetic patients with asymptomatic coronary artery disease: a cross-sectional study

“…Similar to that observed in patients with CAD, CD14 ++ CD16 + monocyte levels increased in patients with peripheral artery occlusive disease [21]. However, the impact of CD14 ++ CD16 + monocytes on the features of the coronary plaque and it’s vulnerability, has not been previously evaluated.…”

The multifaceted link between inflammation and human diseases

“…Circulating levels of classical monocytes, but not non‐classical monocytes, were independently connected with cardiovascular events such as mortality, myocardial infarction, and stroke in a follow up study in two relatively large cohorts of coronary patients and in a randomly selected population (Ghattas, Griffiths, Devitt, Lip, & Shantsila, ). Furthermore, CD14 high CD16 intermediate monocytes were shown to independently predict cardiovascular events in many subjects referred for elective coronary angiography (Wildgruber et al, ). T‐cells play a role in atherosclerosis in the presence of the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II cell surface receptor, HLA‐DR and the existence of a huge number of CD3+ T cells occurs in atherosclerotic plaques in humans (Robertson & Hansson, ) and mice (Galkina et al, ).…”

The effect of the chemical composition and structure of polymer films made from resorbable polyhydroxyalkanoates on blood cell response

“…Platelet activation is associated with the increase in the activity of NADPH-dependent oxidases and a rise in the production of reactive oxygen species: induction of oxidative stress the basis of thromboses under physiologically normal conditions and under pathogenesis [49]. Thus, the increase in the reduction rate of formazan in MTT assay can be used as an indicator of oxidative stress (Fig.…”