The Interplay between Tumour Microenvironment Components in Malignant Melanoma

Amălinei, Cornelia; Grigoraș, Adriana; Lozneanu, Ludmila; Căruntu, Irina-Draga; Giuşcă, Simona Eliza; Bălan, Raluca

doi:10.3390/medicina58030365

Cited by 12 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 303 publications

(465 reference statements)

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“…The lesions included in our study group showed the presence of BRAF mutations in 57.69% of cases diagnosed with primary MMs, in agreement with percentages reported in other studies [ 1 , 26 , 27 ]. On the other hand, the mutated BRAF genotype was identified in only 38.18% of cases of metastatic MMs.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

BRAF V600E Mutation in Malignant Melanoma—A Romanian Research Experience

Avădănei,

Căruntu,

Nucă

et al. 2024

Medicina

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Background and Objectives: The most common mutation in malignant melanoma (MM) is the single-point mutation of v-raf murine sarcoma viral oncogene homolog B1 (BRAF) oncogene. Our study aims to evaluate BRAF V600E mutation, highlighting its frequency differences in primary versus metastatic MM. Materials and Methods: The study group comprised 133 patients diagnosed with MM in several county hospitals of the north-eastern region of Romania who have been assigned for investigation into BRAF V600E mutation in the private medical system. The material consisted of archived formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) blocks. BRAF V600E mutation was identified using the fully automated IdyllaTM BRAF mutation test system. Results: Out of the total of 133 cases, 78 cases were primary tumors, while 55 cases were metastatic MMs. Genetic analysis revealed the presence of BRAF V600E mutation in 66 cases (49.62%) and the wild-type genotype in 67 cases (50.37%). We found a statistically significant difference of the mutation frequency according to age (p = 0.0072). The mutated genotype was found in 45 cases out of 78 primary MMs (57.69%) and in 21 cases out of 55 secondary MMs (38.18%), with a statistically significant difference in favor of primary tumors (p = 0.0413). The correlations between the histopathological types, Clark’s level, Breslow index, ulceration, and lymphovascular invasion, respectively, and the mutated genotype were not statistically significant. BRAF V600E mutation was identified in 15 out of 40 secondary tumors with lymph node location (37.5%) and in 6 out of 15 secondary tumors with another location (40%) without statistically significant differences between the mutation frequency and the location of the secondary tumors. Conclusions: Our results support MM high genetic heterogeneity, pointing out the relationship between BRAF V600E mutation and several clinicopathological characteristics, in primary and metastatic MMs, stressing the importance of BRAF testing implementation in Romania.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

BRAF V600E Mutation in Malignant Melanoma—A Romanian Research Experience

Avădănei,

Căruntu,

Nucă

et al. 2024

Medicina

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“…The emergence of 3D in vitro models contributed to the development of more advanced and physiologically relevant systems for cancer study [ 42 ], including UM. One factor that influences melanoma behavior in the tumor microenvironment (TME), especially its cellular components which might contribute to cancer progression and resistance to therapy [ 46 ]. Particular attention was given to the influence of TME on UM behavior using established 3D models.…”

Section: Current Status Of Rare Melanoma Experimental Modelsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental Models for Rare Melanoma Research—The Niche That Needs to Be Addressed

Ionita,

Malita,

Dehelean

et al. 2023

Bioengineering

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Melanoma, the tumor arising from the malignant transformation of pigment-producing cells—the melanocytes—represents one of the most severe cancer types. Despite their rarity compared to cutaneous melanoma, the extracutaneous subtypes such as uveal melanoma (UM), acral lentiginous melanoma (ALM), and mucosal melanoma (MM) stand out due to their increased aggressiveness and mortality rate, demanding continuous research to elucidate their specific pathological features and develop efficient therapies. Driven by the emerging progresses made in the preclinical modeling of melanoma, the current paper covers the most relevant in vitro, in vivo, and in ovo systems, providing a deeper understanding of these rare melanoma subtypes. However, the preclinical models for UM, ALM, and MM that were developed so far remain scarce, and none of them is able to completely simulate the complexity that is characteristic to these melanomas; thus, a continuous expansion of the existing library of experimental models is pivotal for driving advancements in this research field. An overview of the applicability of precision medicine in the management of rare melanoma subtypes is also provided.

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“…Malignant melanoma accounted for ~3% of all tumors in the United States in 1998 (1) and may be caused by the malignant transformation of dysplastic nevi, junctional nevi and benign melanocytic nevi (2,3). Based on their location, malignant melanomas are generally classified into cutaneous malignant melanomas (skin and acra; 90%), mucosal malignant melanomas (mucosa of head, neck, gastrointestinal, conjunctiva and genital areas; 8-15%), uveal malignant melanomas (uvea and ciliary body; 3-5%) and central nervous system (CNS) malignant melanomas (dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra and locus coeruleus; 1%) (4)(5)(6). Although CNS melanomas are rare, primary malignant melanomas in the spinal canal are even more rare, with only a few cases reported thus far (7,8).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Atypical primary malignant melanoma originating in the spinal canal: A case report and literature review

Zeng,

Zhang,

Zhang

et al. 2023

Oncol Lett

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Central nervous system (CNS) malignant melanomas are rare tumors of the CNS that are thought to arise from aberrant changes in melanocytes of the neural crest or melanocytic elements of the pia mater during early embryonic development. As a rare type of CNS malignant melanoma, only a few cases of primary malignant melanoma in the spinal canal have been reported thus far. The majority of these studies have reported on the diagnosis, radiographic features and gross total resection of primary spinal canal malignant melanoma; however, the prognosis and ideal treatment of patients with residual tumors remain elusive. The current study presented the rare case of a patient with primary malignant melanoma originating from the thoracic spinal canal, without any history of irradiation exposure and with an incompletely resected tumor. Disease-free survival of >2.5 years was observed in this patient who was treated with concurrent chemoradiotherapy followed by adjuvant chemotherapy with temozolomide and bevacizumab.

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The Interplay between Tumour Microenvironment Components in Malignant Melanoma

Cited by 12 publications

References 303 publications

BRAF V600E Mutation in Malignant Melanoma—A Romanian Research Experience

BRAF V600E Mutation in Malignant Melanoma—A Romanian Research Experience

Experimental Models for Rare Melanoma Research—The Niche That Needs to Be Addressed

Atypical primary malignant melanoma originating in the spinal canal: A case report and literature review

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