The interplay of arsenic, silymarin, and NF-ĸB pathway in male reproductive toxicity: A review

Mukherjee, Anirban Goutam; Gopalakrishnan, Abilash Valsala

doi:10.1016/j.ecoenv.2023.114614

Cited by 15 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 261 publications

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“…Based on these findings, researchers believe that silymarin could be effective in suppressing mechanisms that cause inflammation and oxidative stress in menopausal women [67]. Silymarin can help to protect cells from damage caused by free radicals.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Role of Silymarin in Mitigating Inflammation and Cognitive Impairment Induced by Ovariectomy in Wistar Rats

Moalefshahri,

Javid,

Gheybi

et al. 2023

Mediators of Inflammation

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Background. Silymarin, a polyphenolic flavonoid found in milk thistle, has been used to treat liver and brain injuries in humans and animals. The study aims to investigate the protective effects of silymarin on spatial and passive avoidance memory, oxidative stress, and inflammatory factors in the brain and liver tissues of ovariectomized (OVX) Wistar rats. Methods. The study involved 30 female Wistar rats divided into control, sham, and three silymarin-treated groups. After ovariectomy, rats underwent CT scan, and some of them were administered silymarin via gavage for 2 months. Memory and learning were assessed using Morris water maze and shuttle box tests. Brain and liver tissues were analyzed for inflammatory factors (IL-1β, TNFα, and IL-6) and oxidative stress markers (CAT, SOD, and MDA) after sacrifice. Results. Silymarin improved spatial memory and fear learning compared to the sham group (P≤0.05 to P≤0.001). It also significantly reduced IL-1β, TNF-α, and IL-6 levels in the cortex, hippocampus, and liver (P≤0.05 to P≤0.0001) and increased CAT and SOD while decreasing MDA levels (P≤0.05 to P≤0.001) compared to control and sham groups. Conclusion. Long-term administration of silymarin extract can improve learning and memory, reverse cognitive impairment caused by ovariectomy, and reduce oxidative stress and inflammatory factors induced by ovariectomy in the liver and brain of Wistar rats. This is due to the reduction in MDA levels and an increase in CAT activity, although silymarin has some effect on SOD at high doses.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Role of Silymarin in Mitigating Inflammation and Cognitive Impairment Induced by Ovariectomy in Wistar Rats

Moalefshahri,

Javid,

Gheybi

et al. 2023

Mediators of Inflammation

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“…Environmental genotoxins, including titanium dioxide nanoparticles, have been shown to fragment sperm DNA via ROS [93]. Animal studies support OS as a primary cause of sperm DNA damage; for instance, formaldehyde in rats [94] and arsenic in mice lead to genotoxicity [95]. Additionally, toxic substances like sulfur mustard cause DNA alkylation and ROS production [96].…”

Section: Environmental Factors and Male Fertility: State-of-the-art K...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Environmental and Genetic Traffic in the Journey from Sperm to Offspring

Sengupta,

Dutta,

Liew

et al. 2023

Biomolecules

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Recent advancements in the understanding of how sperm develop into offspring have shown complex interactions between environmental influences and genetic factors. The past decade, marked by a research surge, has not only highlighted the profound impact of paternal contributions on fertility and reproductive outcomes but also revolutionized our comprehension by unveiling how parental factors sculpt traits in successive generations through mechanisms that extend beyond traditional inheritance patterns. Studies have shown that offspring are more susceptible to environmental factors, especially during critical phases of growth. While these factors are broadly detrimental to health, their effects are especially acute during these periods. Moving beyond the immutable nature of the genome, the epigenetic profile of cells emerges as a dynamic architecture. This flexibility renders it susceptible to environmental disruptions. The primary objective of this review is to shed light on the diverse processes through which environmental agents affect male reproductive capacity. Additionally, it explores the consequences of paternal environmental interactions, demonstrating how interactions can reverberate in the offspring. It encompasses direct genetic changes as well as a broad spectrum of epigenetic adaptations. By consolidating current empirically supported research, it offers an exhaustive perspective on the interwoven trajectories of the environment, genetics, and epigenetics in the elaborate transition from sperm to offspring.

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“…8. Reproductive Problems: Exposure to arsenic may harm the reproductive system, resulting in issues with fertility and a higher likelihood of unfavourable pregnancy outcomes (Mukherjee, 2023;Neeti, 2013) and altered morphology (shape), all of which can have an influence on male fertility. 8.2.2 Hormonal Disruption: Arsenic can disrupt the endocrine system, which controls hormone production and balance, resulting in hormonal disruption.…”

Section: Effects On the Nervous Systemmentioning

confidence: 99%

Examining The Effects Of Arsenic In Drinking Water On Human Health By Understanding Its Chemistry, Metabolism, And Toxicity

Shukla,

Kumar,

Tiwari

et al. 2023

jsfs

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Arsenic pollution in India, particularly in Bihar, is a significant public health issue. The main source of contamination is geological, as naturally existing arsenic from rocks and sediments leaches into aquifers. High levels of arsenic in wells make drinking water unsafe and pose health hazards to millions of people. Exposure to arsenic-contaminated drinking water can lead to skin lesions, malignancies, cardiovascular ailments, and neurological abnormalities. Vulnerable groups like youngsters and pregnant women are particularly at risk. Public relations efforts and educational initiatives have also been launched to alert the public about the dangers of drinking water tainted with arsenic and to promote behavioural changes. Arsenic contamination has been addressed, but there are still big obstacles to overcome. Many affected regions still have limited access to clean drinking water, particularly in rural areas. Large-scale arsenic mitigation strategies, such the construction of community-level arsenic removal plants, call for ongoing financial support and technical know-how. This paper attempts at understanding the chemistry of arsenic, its metabolism in human body, its toxicity and underlying health implications.

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The interplay of arsenic, silymarin, and NF-ĸB pathway in male reproductive toxicity: A review

Cited by 15 publications

References 261 publications

The Role of Silymarin in Mitigating Inflammation and Cognitive Impairment Induced by Ovariectomy in Wistar Rats

The Role of Silymarin in Mitigating Inflammation and Cognitive Impairment Induced by Ovariectomy in Wistar Rats

Environmental and Genetic Traffic in the Journey from Sperm to Offspring

Examining The Effects Of Arsenic In Drinking Water On Human Health By Understanding Its Chemistry, Metabolism, And Toxicity

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