The interrelation of trabecular microstructural parameters of the greater tubercle measured for different species

Abstract

In the present study the trabecular microstructural parameters (bone volume fraction, trabecular thickness, trabecular separation, trabecular number, connectivity density, degree of anisotropy, and structure model index) of the greater tubercle of the humeral head were measured for human healthy, human osteopenic, ovine, bovine, and porcine bones using micro-computed tomography. Except for trabecular thickness and degree of anisotropy the values of the trabecular microstructural parameters generally differed significantly between species. Thus, only the species for which the implant is designed should be used for in vitro mechanical tests on the stability of implants in trabecular bone. Multivariate regression analysis showed that the microstructural parameters have similar principal interrelations in all species. The most significant relations were found between trabecular thickness and bone volume fraction (median (over all species) p < 0.001), trabecular number and bone volume fraction (p ¼ 0.001), the structural change from plates to rods and bone volume fraction (p < 0.001) as well as between connectivity density and trabecular number (p < 0.001). Trabecular thickness, trabecular number, and the structural change from plates to rods each contributed to the bone volume fraction approximately to the same extent. Based on the similar principal interrelations of the trabecular microstructural parameters found in all investigated species the design of trabecular microstructure in the greater tubercle follows similar phenomenological mechanisms in all species. Thus, in vivo experiments on trabecular bone healing and osteoporosis research for application in humans can be conducted in ovine, bovine, or porcine species. ß

Systemic Mesenchymal Stromal Cell Transplantation Prevents Functional Bone Loss in a Mouse Model of Age-Related Osteoporosis

“…The 10‐week‐old Sca‐1 −/− mice were transplanted with 2 × 10 6 WT MSCs and assessed 24 weeks later, at 8.5 months of age, the time point when the osteopenic condition peaks in Sca‐1 −/− mice [26]. Computed tomography (CT) is used clinically to identify microarchitectural aberrations in trabecular tissue associated with human aging and osteoporosis [36, 37]. Here, we performed microCT analyses on the proximal tibias of mice transplanted with WT MSCs, along with WT and naïve Sca‐1 −/− controls.…”

“…Here, we performed microCT analyses on the proximal tibias of mice transplanted with WT MSCs, along with WT and naïve Sca‐1 −/− controls. Trabecular connectivity‐density (Conn.D), a measure of the interconnectivity of trabecular structures that provides strength to bone, displays a characteristic decline in osteoporosis [36]. Sca‐1 −/− mice presented with significantly lower connectivity‐density versus WT mice (Fig.…”

“…It was also remarkable that one bolus of donor MSCs prevented age‐related osteoporosis phenotypes as observed by microCT 6 months after transplant. In human aging/osteoporosis, trabecular bone volume, number, and thickness decrease, whereas spacing increases [36, 45]. Anisotropy and connectivity decrease [36, 37], and SMI increases [46].…”

“…In human aging/osteoporosis, trabecular bone volume, number, and thickness decrease, whereas spacing increases [36, 45]. Anisotropy and connectivity decrease [36, 37], and SMI increases [46]. The Sca‐1 −/− model of age‐related osteoporosis displayed similar vertebral microarchitectural abnormalities [26], as does the C57BL/6J model of age‐related osteoporosis [38].…”

Physicochemical characterization of porcine bone-derived grafting material and comparison with bovine xenografts for dental applications

“…In contrast, porcine-derived bone graft materials have only recently been developed and marketed. It has been reported that porcine bone has a similar formulation and structure to human bone [ 5 ]. The lipid content (in terms of category and structure) of porcine bone is also similar to that of human bone [ 6 ].…”