The involvement of organic acids in soil fertility, plant health and environment sustainability

Metabolically versatile psychrotolerant bacterium Pseudomonas sp. ANT_H12B is an efficient producer of siderophores and accompanying metabolites (SAM) useful for agricultural purposes

“…The PGP potential of SAM could be broader than direct stimulation of seed germination, due to the presence of plant-bene cial compounds, which activity could be exhibited in soil conditions e.g., organic acids (OA), which we also identi ed in SAM. This group of compounds is important in sustainable agriculture since it is associated with various PGP properties [79]. OA could directly improve plant tness, due to involvement in nutrient acquisition, e.g., by solubilization and mobilization of micronutrients and macronutrients [79][80][81][82].…”

“…This group of compounds is important in sustainable agriculture since it is associated with various PGP properties [79]. OA could directly improve plant tness, due to involvement in nutrient acquisition, e.g., by solubilization and mobilization of micronutrients and macronutrients [79][80][81][82]. Phosphorus and potassium are vital to plant macronutrients and are present in the soil in large amounts.…”

“…Phosphorus and potassium are vital to plant macronutrients and are present in the soil in large amounts. However, they mainly exist in a form of insoluble minerals and their bioavailability is limited [79]. It was shown that various bacterial carboxylic acids, e.g., propionic acid, lactic acid, 2-ketogluconic acid, citric acid, tartaric acid, acetic acid, oxalic acid, glycolic acid, succinic acid, inalonic acid, and fumaric acid were involved in solubilization of P and K in soils [79,80,82,83].…”

“…However, they mainly exist in a form of insoluble minerals and their bioavailability is limited [79]. It was shown that various bacterial carboxylic acids, e.g., propionic acid, lactic acid, 2-ketogluconic acid, citric acid, tartaric acid, acetic acid, oxalic acid, glycolic acid, succinic acid, inalonic acid, and fumaric acid were involved in solubilization of P and K in soils [79,80,82,83]. OA could also improve the soil bioavailable zinc pool, which de ciency is one of the most widespread among plants [79,81].…”

“…SAM could also increase overall soil quality and fertility in an indirect mode of action, by stimulating soil microorganisms, which eventually could improve plant health and growth. Several studies have shown that application of OA to soil is associated with increased diversity of microbial communities, positively affecting PGP microorganism [79,92,93]. Nitrogen-xing bacteria (NFB), which reduce atmospheric nitrogen into ammonia, are an important PGP group of microorganisms that contribute to soil fertility by increasing the availability of this crucial element [94].…”