The “irisin system”: From biological roles to pharmacological and nutraceutical perspectives

Flori, Lorenzo; Testai, Lara; Calderone, Vincenzo

doi:10.1016/j.lfs.2020.118954

Cited by 40 publications

(29 citation statements)

References 109 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…In addition, studies in C2C12 muscle cells also demonstrated that the cAMP-activated protein kinase pathway is involved in PGC1α/irisin expression [7]. In more recent experimental clinical studies in humans, a direct association between Sirt-1 levels and PGC1α/irisin expression was found in obese patients or those with type 2 diabetes [117]. The protein in the skeletal muscle is present as either a homodimer or a dimer formed by a β-sheet between Arg75 and Glu79 aa, which in turn protects the ends of the molecule and thereby stabilizes the structure [118].…”

Section: Irisinmentioning

confidence: 95%

Biological Aspects of Selected Myokines in Skeletal Muscle: Focus on Aging

Mancinelli

Checcaglini

Coscia

et al. 2021

IJMS

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

In the last decade, clear evidence has emerged that the cellular components of skeletal muscle are important sites for the release of proteins and peptides called “myokines”, suggesting that skeletal muscle plays the role of a secretory organ. After their secretion by muscles, these factors serve many biological functions, including the exertion of complex autocrine, paracrine and/or endocrine effects. In sum, myokines affect complex multi-organ processes, such as skeletal muscle trophism, metabolism, angiogenesis and immunological response to different physiological (physical activity, aging, etc.) or pathological states (cachexia, dysmetabolic conditions, chronic inflammation, etc.). The aim of this review is to describe in detail a number of myokines that are, to varying degrees, involved in skeletal muscle aging processes and belong to the group of proteins present in the functional environment surrounding the muscle cell known as the “Niche”. The particular myokines described are those that, acting both from within the cell and in an autocrine manner, have a defined relationship with the modulation of oxidative stress in muscle cells (mature or stem) involved in the regulatory (metabolic or regenerative) processes of muscle aging. Myostatin, IGF-1, NGF, S100 and irisin are examples of specific myokines that have peculiar features in their mechanisms of action. In particular, the potential role of one of the most recently characterized myokines—irisin, directly linked to an active lifestyle—in reducing if not reversing senescence-induced oxidative damage is discussed in terms of its possible application as an agent able to counteract the deleterious effects of muscle aging.

show abstract

Section: Irisinmentioning

confidence: 95%

Biological Aspects of Selected Myokines in Skeletal Muscle: Focus on Aging

Mancinelli

Checcaglini

Coscia

et al. 2021

IJMS

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…If these data extend to humans, and the half-life of endogenously produced irisin in humans is also less than an hour, they could contribute to the variability seen in the blood/circulating irisin levels. Apart from exercise, cold exposure and various drugs such as statins, metformin and phytochemicals/polyphenols such as resveratrol and citrus flavonoids, as well as diet, could all influence the blood irisin levels [ 47 ].…”

Section: Irisinmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Aydin et al using immunohistochemistry (IHC), found irisin in the skeletal muscles, peripheral nerves, ovaries/testes, pancreas, liver, spleen and stomach [ 73 ]. Additional studies have shown expression in adipose, heart, kidney, lung, prostate, intestine and thymus tissue [ 47 ]. As mentioned above, the specificity of the existing irisin antibodies is questionable [ 51 , 52 ], it is possible that the antibodies used in IHC or Western blotting bind to other proteins, and these controversies require more research to be resolved.…”

Section: Irisinmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Current Evidence of the Role of the Myokine Irisin in Cancer

Tsiani

Tsakiridis

Kouvelioti

et al. 2021

Cancers

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Cancer is a disease associated with extreme human suffering, a huge economic cost to health systems, and is the second leading cause of death worldwide. Regular physical activity is associated with many health benefits, including reduced cancer risk. In the past two decades, exercising/contracting skeletal muscles have been found to secrete a wide range of biologically active proteins, named myokines. Myokines are delivered, via the circulation, to different cells/tissues, bind to their specific receptors and initiate signaling cascades mediating the health benefits of exercise. The present review summarizes the existing evidence of the role of the myokine irisin in cancer. In vitro studies have shown that the treatment of various cancer cells with irisin resulted in the inhibition of cell proliferation, survival, migration/ invasion and induced apoptosis by affecting key proliferative and antiapoptotic signaling pathways. However, the effects of irisin in humans remains unclear. Although the majority of the existing studies have found reduced serum irisin levels in cancer patients, a few studies have shown the opposite. Similarly, the majority of studies have found increased levels of irisin in cancer tissues, with a few studies showing the opposite trend. Clearly, further investigations are required to determine the exact role of irisin in cancer.

show abstract

“…Irisin has also been linked to remodeling of bone tissue, cardiac protection, synaptic plasticity and memory, as well as neurogenesis, neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration in the brain ( Ma and Chen, 2021 ). However, questions regarding physiological circulating levels in humans pre- and post -exercise remain to be addressed ( Flori et al, 2021 ).…”

Section: Adipose Tissue Beigeing Factorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Role of the Skeletal Muscle Secretome in Mediating Endurance and Resistance Training Adaptations

et al. 2021

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Exercise, in the form of endurance or resistance training, leads to specific molecular and cellular adaptions not only in skeletal muscles, but also in many other organs such as the brain, liver, fat or bone. In addition to direct effects of exercise on these organs, the production and release of a plethora of different signaling molecules from skeletal muscle are a centerpiece of systemic plasticity. Most studies have so far focused on the regulation and function of such myokines in acute exercise bouts. In contrast, the secretome of long-term training adaptation remains less well understood, and the contribution of non-myokine factors, including metabolites, enzymes, microRNAs or mitochondrial DNA transported in extracellular vesicles or by other means, is underappreciated. In this review, we therefore provide an overview on the current knowledge of endurance and resistance exercise-induced factors of the skeletal muscle secretome that mediate muscular and systemic adaptations to long-term training. Targeting these factors and leveraging their functions could not only have broad implications for athletic performance, but also for the prevention and therapy in diseased and elderly populations.

show abstract

The “irisin system”: From biological roles to pharmacological and nutraceutical perspectives

Cited by 40 publications

References 109 publications

Biological Aspects of Selected Myokines in Skeletal Muscle: Focus on Aging

Biological Aspects of Selected Myokines in Skeletal Muscle: Focus on Aging

Current Evidence of the Role of the Myokine Irisin in Cancer

The Role of the Skeletal Muscle Secretome in Mediating Endurance and Resistance Training Adaptations

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About