The Iron-Hydrogen Peroxide-Iodide System Is Fungicidal: Activity Against the Yeast Phase of Blastomyces dermatitidis

Sugar, Alan M.; Chahal, Resham S.; Brummer, Elmer; Stevens, David A.

doi:10.1002/jlb.36.4.545

Cited by 14 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 8 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Halide anions such as iodide are capable of potentiating HO • -mediated damage, consistent with findings of Sugar et al [56], who showed that the Fenton system’s fungicidal activity is potentiated by the presence of iodide. This is presumably due to the formation of longer-lived iodide radical species.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

Paradoxical potentiation of methylene blue-mediated antimicrobial photodynamic inactivation by sodium azide: Role of ambient oxygen and azide radicals

Huang

Denis

et al. 2012

Free Radical Biology and Medicine

109

110

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Sodium azide (NaN3) is widely employed to quench singlet oxygen during photodynamic therapy (PDT), especially when PDT is used to kill bacteria in suspension. We observed that addition of NaN3 (100 μM or 10 mM) to gram-positive Staphylococcus aureus and gram-negative Escherichia coli incubated with methylene blue (MB) and illuminated with red light gave significantly increased bacterial killing (1–3 logs), rather than the expected protection from killing. A different antibacterial photosensitizer, the conjugate between polyethylenimine and chlorin(e6) (PEI-ce6), showed reduced PDT killing (1–2 logs) after addition of 10 mM NaN3. Azide (0.5 mM) potentiated bacterial killing by Fenton reagent (hydrogen peroxide and ferrous sulfate) by up to 3 logs, but protected against killing mediated by sodium hypochlorite and hydrogen peroxide (considered to be a chemical source of singlet oxygen). The intermediacy of N3• was confirmed by spin-trapping and electron spin resonance studies in both MB-photosensitized reactions and Fenton reagent with addition of NaN3. We found that N3• was formed and bacteria were killed even in the absence of oxygen, suggesting the direct one-electron oxidation of azide anion by photoexcited MB. This observation suggests a possible mechanism to carry out oxygen-independent PDT.

show abstract

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

Paradoxical potentiation of methylene blue-mediated antimicrobial photodynamic inactivation by sodium azide: Role of ambient oxygen and azide radicals

Huang

Denis

et al. 2012

Free Radical Biology and Medicine

109

110

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Our findings suggest that eliminating hydrogen peroxide, an early product of oxidative metabolism, has a more profound inhibitory effect than does the scavenging of hydroxyl radicals, a later product. Significant killing by the generation of hydroxyl radicals during the interaction of activated PMN and B. dermatitidis confirms the susceptibility of B. dermatitidis to hydroxyl radicals generated in the hydrogen peroxide-ferrous iron-halide system (23) and is consistent with toxicity for other fungi of hydroxyl radical (15) or its metabolites (20).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 61%

Enhanced oxidative burst in immunologically activated but not elicited polymorphonuclear leukocytes correlates with fungicidal activity

Brummer¹,

Sugar²,

Stevens³

1985

Infect Immun

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMN) induced locally in immune mice by intraperitoneal injection of antigen exhibit enhanced fungicidal activity compared with PMN elicited with thioglycolate. The mechanism of the differences in these PMN populations was studied. Sublethal infection was used to produce immunity to Blastomyces dermatitidis. A correlation was sought between the ability of PMN to kill, or not kill, B. dermatitidis and the production of the oxidative burst, as measured by luminol-enhanced chemiluminescence (CL). Although elicited PMN cocultured with Candida albicans produced a burst of CL and were candidacidal, killing did not occur when PMN were cocultured with B. dermatitidis. Lack of killing ofB. dermatitidis by elicited PMN correlated with lack of stimulation of a brisk oxidative burst. In contrast to elicited PMN, PMN induced by B. dermatitidis antigen responded to this fungus with a burst of CL and a significant reduction of inoculum CFU (80%). Furthermore, these PMN when cocultured with C. albicans produced an enhanced burst of CL, and killing was enhanced compared with that by elicited PMN, e.g., 86 versus 58%. The CL burst and killing of B. dermatitidis by antigen-induced PMN was abrogated in the presence of catalase, implying a critical role for hydrogen peroxide. Partial but significant depression of CL and killing in the presence of dimethyl sulfoxide, a hydroxyl radical scavenger, identified hydroxyl radical, or its metabolites, as a toxic product(s) responsible for a significant fraction of fungicidal activity. These results indicate that the metabolic activity and microbicidal activity of PMN can be altered (enhanced) at the site of an immunological reaction and thus could constitute an important factor in resistance.

show abstract

“…In 1984 Levitz and Diamond [36] used the same two systems (MPO + Iodide; and Fenton + iodide) to inactivate the conidia of fungal species Aspergillus fumigatus and C. albicans and found significant potentiation by iodide. In the same year Sugar et al [37] demonstrated the efficacy of the Fenton + iodide system in killing the yeast phase of the pathogenic fungus Blastomyces dermatitidis. …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Potentiation of Antimicrobial Photodynamic Inactivation Mediated by a Cationic Fullerene by Added Iodide: In Vitro and in Vivo Studies

Zhang

Wang

Vecchio

et al. 2015

Nanomedicine (Lond.)

108

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Background Antimicrobial photodynamic inactivation with fullerenes bearing cationic charges may overcome resistant microbes. Methods & results We synthesized C60-fullerene (LC16) bearing decaquaternary chain and deca-tertiary-amino groups that facilitates electron-transfer reactions via the photoexcited fullerene. Addition of the harmless salt, potassium iodide (10 mM) potentiated the ultraviolet A (UVA) or white light-mediated killing of Gram-negative bacteria Acinetobacter baumannii, Gram-positive methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus and fungal yeast Candida albicans by 1–2+ logs. Mouse model infected with bioluminescent Acinetobacter baumannii gave increased loss of bioluminescence when iodide (10 mM) was combined with LC16 and UVA/white light. Conclusion The mechanism may involve photoinduced electron reduction of 1(C60>)* or 3(C60>)* by iodide producing I· or I2 followed by subsequent intermolecular electron-transfer events of (C60>)−· to produce reactive radicals.

show abstract

The Iron-Hydrogen Peroxide-Iodide System Is Fungicidal: Activity Against the Yeast Phase of Blastomyces dermatitidis

Cited by 14 publications

References 8 publications

Paradoxical potentiation of methylene blue-mediated antimicrobial photodynamic inactivation by sodium azide: Role of ambient oxygen and azide radicals

Paradoxical potentiation of methylene blue-mediated antimicrobial photodynamic inactivation by sodium azide: Role of ambient oxygen and azide radicals

Enhanced oxidative burst in immunologically activated but not elicited polymorphonuclear leukocytes correlates with fungicidal activity

Potentiation of Antimicrobial Photodynamic Inactivation Mediated by a Cationic Fullerene by Added Iodide: In Vitro and in Vivo Studies

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About