The ISOLATION AND BIOLOGICAL ACTIVITIES OF RABBIT ΓM- AND ΓG-Anti-Salmonella TYPHIMURIUM ANTIBODIES

Abstract

Antibodies to the somatic antigens of Gram-negative bacilli have been demonstrated to occur in three classes of immunoglobulins (1-10). Identification of specific antibody has depended upon the association of immune activity with immunoglobulin-rich fractions prepared from whole serum by various physical and chemical techniques, Immune activity in these fractions has been measured b y examining secondary properties of antigen-antibody interaction such as agglutination of particulate antigens or particulate carriers coated with antigen, preparation of live bacteria for phagocytosis, and complement-dependent bactericidal effect. The results of such experiments have led to the tentative conclusion that all or most of the immune proteins of the serum specific to the somatic antigens of Gram-negative bacilli are of the ~,M-class of immunoglobulins (3,5,(8)(9)(10). I n the studies described below the secondary activities of highly purified rabbit ~M-and ~/G-antibodies to the somatic antigens of Salmonella typhirauriura were examined and were found to differ markedly from each other.Methods and Materials 1. Preparation of the Antigen.--Salmondla typkimurium, strain 7 x (4, 5, 12:z) Salmonella paratypM B 2 (4, 5, 12:b), and Escherichia coli were grown in brain heart infusion broth (Difco Laboratories, Inc., Detroit) with constant agitation for 15 hours at 37°C. The "O" or somatic antigen was prepared as described (12). The heat-killed whole cell antigens used for experiments involving absorption and/or absorption-elution were utilized within 15 hours after preparation. Antigen preparations for assay of agglutination and for immunization were stored at 4°C without preservative. 2.Immunization.--Adult hybrid rabbits were injected with 1 X 101° organisms of S.

Decreased 19S antibody response to bacterial antigens in systemic lupus erythematosus

“…Thus, infection has been shown to play a prominent role in the morbidity and mortality of SLE and this has been found to be true not only in those series collected after the introduction of steroid therapy (31,41), but also in series accumulated mainly in the presteroid era (42,44,45). The role of macroglobulin antibody in protection against bacterial infection has been supported by several recent studies (46,47). IgM antibodies are more active than IgG antibodies in agglutination and in lytic reactions (48).…”

Antibodies of the IgG, IgM, and IgA classes in newborn and adult sera reactive with gram-negative bacteria

“…This pattern of IgG antibody activity seemed to parallel the changes seen in the concentration of serum IgG immunoglobulin during the first years of life (4). Although IgG levels are approximately equal in cord and maternal serum, it has recently been pointed out (18)(19)(20) is many times less efficient than purified IgM antibody in producing reactions in bactericidal, agglutination, complement-fixation, and certain other tests. We have recently found (11,17) that, whereas IFA, bactericidal, and agglutination procedures were all able to detect natural 19S antibodies, the IFA procedure was much more sensitive than bactericidal or agglutination tests in detecting natural 7S antibodies.…”

The significance of erythrocyte antigen site density

“…Received for publication 25 June 1969 and in revised form 18 August 1969. of this heterogeneity is due to the differences in agglutinating efficiencies of IgG and IgM antibodies (1,2). Within each antibody class, however, there are examples of both saline agglutinins and sensitizing "nonagglutinating" antibodies (3).…”