The ITER Neutral Beam Test Facility towards SPIDER operation

Toigo, V.; Bello, S. Dal; Gaio, E.; Luchetta, A.; Pasqualotto, R.; Zaccaria, P.; Bigi, M.; Chitarin, G.; Marcuzzi, D.; Pomaro, N.; Serianni, G.; Agostinetti, P.; Agostini, M.; Antoni, V.; Aprile, D.; Baltador, C.; Barbisan, M.; Battistella, M.; Boldrin, M.; Brombin, M.; Palma, M. Dalla; Lorenzi, A. De; Delogu, R.; Muri, M. De; Fellin, F.; Ferro, A.; Gambetta, G.; Grando, L.; Jain, Palak; Maistrello, A.; Manduchi, G.; Marconato, N.; Pavei, M.; Peruzzo, S.; Pilan, N.; Pimazzoni, A.; Piovan, R.; Recchia, M.; Rizzolo, A.; Sartori, E.; Siragusa, M.; Spada, E.; Spagnolo, S.; Spolaore, M.; Taliercio, C.; Valente, M.; Veltri, P.; Zamengo, A.; Zaniol, B.; Zanotto, L.; Zaupa, M.; Boilson, D.; Graceffa, J.; Svensson, Lennart; Schunke, B.; Decamps, Hans; Urbani, M.; Kushwah, M.; Chareyre, J.; Singh, Mahendrajit; Bonicelli, T.; Agarici, G.; Garbuglia, A.; Masiello, A.; Paolucci, Francesco; Simon, M.; Bailly-Maitre, L.; Bragulat, E.; Gomez, G.; Gutiérrez, Daniel; Mico, G.; Moreno, J.F.; Pilard, V.; Chakraborty, Arun; Baruah, U.; Rotti, C.; Patel, Hitesh; Nagaraju, M.V.; Singh, Narinder; Patel, Amee B.; Dhola, H.; Raval, B.; Fantz, U.; Fröschle, M.; Heinemann, B.; Kraus, Werner; Nocentini, R.; Riedl, R.; Schiesko, L.; Wimmer, Christian; Wünderlich, D.; Cavenago, M.; Croci, G.; Gorini, G.; Rebaı̈, M.; Muraro, A.; Tardocchi, M.; Hemsworth, R.

doi:10.1088/1741-4326/aa7490

Cited by 47 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…Up to now, the beam is intercepted by a fixed Carbon Fiber Composite (CFC) tile, similar to the spectral shear interferometry for direct electric field reconstruction (SPIDER) calorimeter, 2,7 and biased to a voltage V cfc in order to suppress secondary electron emission, hence collecting a nominal current signal I cfc . The effect of V cfc on I cfc is well-known; at lower V cfc < 30 V, the H − current is canceled by the electrons escaping the CFC, and at higher V cfc , these e − are attracted back to the CFC.…”

Section: Overall Nio1 Plan Results and Upgradesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In view of the long term operation of neutral beam injectors (NBI) used for stellarator and tokamak heating and current drive, 1,2 the negative ion source must be carefully optimized, 3 especially because not only plasma but also surface wall conditions are involved in H − or D − production. The NIO1 source (Negative Ion Optimization phase 1, described elsewhere 4,5 ) was developed and has been operating since 2014 (in close collaboration between Consorzio RFX and INFN), as a convenient benchmark to study innovative solutions and to address physical questions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Beam and installation improvements of the NIO1 ion source

Cavenago

Barbisan²,

Delogu³

et al. 2020

Review of Scientific Instruments

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The NIO1 (Negative Ion Optimization phase 1) source can provide continuous beam operation, which is convenient for systematic parameter and equipment studies. Even in the pure volume production regime, the source yield was found to depend on conditioning procedures. Magnetic configuration tests continued adding magnets to the existing setup; the filter field component Bx has been progressively extended to span the −12 to 5 mT range, and as a trend, source performances improved with |Bx|. The progress of camera beam diagnostics and of the quality of the volume-produced H − beam is also shown. The status, off-line results, and reliability of a first NIO1 cesium oven are discussed; other upgrades in preparation (cavity ring down spectrometer, the end calorimeter, and conceptual tests of the energy recovery system) are also listed.

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Section: Overall Nio1 Plan Results and Upgradesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Beam and installation improvements of the NIO1 ion source

Cavenago

Barbisan²,

Delogu³

et al. 2020

Review of Scientific Instruments

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“…The SPIDER integrated commissioning and first operational plan is described in [42]. The integrated commissioning will be performed after the individual plant systems are operational, and will follow a staged approach, associating the test parameters of the plant systems in each commissioning phase with the values required for the following operational phase.…”

Section: Spider Integrated Commissioning and First Operational Planmentioning

confidence: 99%

The PRIMA Test Facility: SPIDER and MITICA test-beds for ITER neutral beam injectors

Toigo¹,

Piovan²,

Bello³

et al. 2017

New J. Phys.

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157

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The ITER Neutral Beam Test Facility (NBTF), called PRIMA (Padova Research on ITER Megavolt Accelerator), is hosted in Padova, Italy and includes two experiments: MITICA, the full-scale prototype of the ITER heating neutral beam injector, and SPIDER, the full-size radio frequency negative-ions source. The NBTF realization and the exploitation of SPIDER and MITICA have been recognized as necessary to make the future operation of the ITER heating neutral beam injectors efficient and reliable, fundamental to the achievement of thermonuclear-relevant plasma parameters in ITER. This paper reports on design and R&D carried out to construct PRIMA, SPIDER and MITICA, and highlights the huge progress made in just a few years, from the signature of the agreement for the NBTF realization in 2011, up to now-when the buildings and relevant infrastructures have been completed, SPIDER is entering the integrated commissioning phase and the procurements of several MITICA components are at a well advanced stage.

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“…RF driven negative ion sources will be used for the NBI systems of ITER and beyond that for DEMO. Tests of the ITER size source with eight cylindrical drivers for plasma generation have already been started at the SPIDER testbed at the NBTF (Neutral Beam Test Facility) in Padua [2]. With the ELISE source at IPP, which is half the size, the accelerated ion current densities required for ITER have been recently demonstrated in hydrogen for more than 1000s [3].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

First beam extraction experiments at BATMAN upgrade

Kraus

Schiesko

Bonomo

et al. 2018

AIP Conference Proceedings

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The design concept of the RF driven negative ion sources used in the NBI of ITER has been developed at the BATMAN test facility since 1997 [1]. It is based on the plasma generation with a 1 MHz RF power supply in circular drivers out of which the plasma expands in a large source volume. The negative ions are produced by surface conversion of atoms and ions on the caesium covered plasma grid. During the past two years Batman has been upgraded substantially by a new extraction system with a design closer to that of the ITER source allowing beam extraction with higher acceleration voltage and by a refined beam and source diagnostics. A further improvement concerns the magnetic filter field which was previously generated only by permanent magnets placed at the lateral walls of the source. It can now additionally be produced, like at the ITER source, by a current flowing through the plasma grid (PG). In the first beam extraction experiments significantly higher negative ion currents, much lower currents of co-extracted electron currents and nearly no beam shift was observed with the PG filter field. With the new extraction system a lower beam divergence is achieved by variation of the acceleration voltage up to 32 kV.

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The ITER Neutral Beam Test Facility towards SPIDER operation

Cited by 47 publications

References 17 publications

Beam and installation improvements of the NIO1 ion source

Beam and installation improvements of the NIO1 ion source

The PRIMA Test Facility: SPIDER and MITICA test-beds for ITER neutral beam injectors

First beam extraction experiments at BATMAN upgrade

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