The Kawa River Model: Applying Theory to Develop Interventions for Combat and Operational Stress Control

Gregg, Brian T.; Howell, Dana M.; Quick, Charles; Iwama, Michael K.

doi:10.1080/0164212x.2015.1075453

Cited by 8 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…Eight opinion papers explored the role of occupational therapy in support of military personnel and veterans, providing suggestion on interventions to address PTSD and other co‐morbid conditions (Brown & Hollis, 2013; Gindi et al., 2016; Gregg, Howell, Quick, & Iwama, 2015; Kashiwa, Sweetman, & Helgeson, 2017; Lopez, 2011; Rivers & Saunders, 2016; Short‐DeGraff & Engelmann, 1992; Stern, Prudencio, & Sadler, 2011). Of these eight papers, four discussed interventions for military personnel (Brown & Hollis, 2013; Gindi et al., 2016; Gregg et al., 2015; Stern et al., 2011), three addressed military veterans (Kashiwa et al., 2017; Lopez, 2011; Short‐DeGraff & Engelmann, 1992), whereas one discussed interventions for military personnel and veterans (Rivers & Saunders, 2016).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Physical training, sleep hygiene, stress and anger management, communication and conflict resolution, and biofeedback were also suggested for military personnel. Although the type of biofeedback was unnamed, it was used as a preparatory method to encourage clients to practice functional stress‐control behaviours to build upon adaptive responses and resiliency (Gregg et al., 2015). The training provides a baseline to measure physiological responses to stress.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The literature addressing programmes for military personnel with combat and operational stress reactions describes the importance of structured therapeutic environments and occupations. These are seen as key ingredients to supporting positive self‐identity as a soldier, increasing perceived self‐efficacy and promoting a return to duty (Baumann et al., 2018; Gerardi, 1999; Gindi et al., 2016; Gregg et al., 2015). Investigators assert that early intervention by occupational therapists supports the rapid return to duty of military personnel who have developed occupational performance issues following exposure to traumatic events.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Occupational therapy for military personnel and military veterans experiencing post‐traumatic stress disorder: A scoping review

Kerr

Ashby

Gerardi

et al. 2020

Aus Occup Therapy J

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Introduction: As the rate of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) among military personnel and military veterans continues to rise, occupational therapists are increasingly concerned with the impact of this disorder on health, occupational performance, and quality of life. However, the literature on occupational therapy for military personnel and military veterans with PTSD has not been summarised. Method: The objective was to identify what is known from the published, peerreviewed literature, about the services provided by occupational therapists to military personnel and military veterans experiencing PTSD. Arksey and O'Malley's five steps for scoping reviews were utilised. A search of three databases identified 27 articles. Results: Of the 27 papers reviewed, 13 papers discussed military personnel, 13 for military veterans, and 1 reported on both populations. Of these 27, 9 research papers provided data to support the efficacy of interventions, whereas 2 papers reported occupational performance issues. Eight opinion and eight service description papers were included. The most commonly mentioned interventions across the reviewed papers were stress and anger, or coping skills (n = 11), returning to duty (n = 9), physical training (n = 7), and sleep hygiene (n = 6). Conclusion: Occupational therapists provide services to military personnel who are vulnerable to PTSD from combat and operational stress. Rarely did publications address intervention efficacy for military personnel. Additionally, there is a paucity of literature that addresses occupational therapy interventions following transition from military service for veterans with PTSD specific to facilitating reintegration to civilian life. Despite this, occupational therapists are well suited to enable military veterans to build upon their existing strengths, skills, and professional identities to minimise the impact of PTSD on daily life and to reach their full potential.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Occupational therapy for military personnel and military veterans experiencing post‐traumatic stress disorder: A scoping review

Kerr

Ashby

Gerardi

et al. 2020

Aus Occup Therapy J

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“…The Kawa model can be used in any setting to guide occupational therapy intervention planning. Gregg, Howell, Quick, and Iwama (2015) used the Kawa model to provide care for military members with psychosocial needs. They concluded that the model may help promote recovery efforts that increase occupational performance, health, and well-being in military service members.…”

Section: Theoretical Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

Life After Losing an Adult Child to a Drug Overdose: A Kawa Perspective

Weis¹,

Kugel²,

Javaherian-Dysinger³

et al. 2019

The Open Journal of Occupational Therapy

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Background: Limited research is available to occupational therapy practitioners focusing on parents' abilities to cope with the loss of an adult child to a drug overdose. We examined the unique experiences of grieving parents from a Kawa model perspective to identify potential implications for occupational therapy. Methods: We used a qualitative approach in which 11 participants completed Kawa drawings and participated in semi-structured interviews. Results: Following a Kawa model analysis themes emerged: volatile nature of flow, support from inner circle and connection with outer circle, lonely islands, personal attributes of positivity and economics, and enhancing my river's flow. Conclusion: The loss of an adult child to a drug overdose presents health care professionals with a unique set of grieving circumstances, including changes in life roles and abilities to participate in occupations, which can be challenging to address. As a result, this study suggests the Kawa model is an effective assessment tool that should be considered for use when working with those grieving the loss of a child to a drug overdose.

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“…The Kawa Model has been researched predominantly in clinical settings [7][8][9][10][11][12][13]. In addition, the model has been implemented with a diversity of people including parents of autistic children where a modified model found that the experiences/goals of the parents were intertwined with that of their children.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Kawa Model: A Self-Reflection Tool for Occupational Therapy Student Development in Practice Placements in Australia

Naidoo

Christopher

Lingah

et al. 2023

Occupational Therapy International

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Introduction. The Kawa Model is a conceptual occupational therapy model of practice that uses the metaphor of a river as a medium to support the exploration of self, life events, and environment. In this study, the Kawa Model was used by occupational therapy students during a practice placement in a remote community setting as a tool to support learning, build self-awareness, and promote reflection on personal and professional development. Method. The study used an exploratory qualitative research design. Six student participants were purposively recruited and orientated to the use of the Kawa Model at the beginning and throughout their remote community practice placement. Semistructured interviews were used to collect data which were analysed thematically using interpretative phenomenological analysis (IPA). Findings. Analysis of the student transcripts revealed three overarching themes: self-awareness, the development of personal and professional skills, and working with metaphor. All students identified the model as a reflective tool that enhanced their understanding of their student selves in a remote setting. The students described the growth of various professional skills including communication, goal planning, and confidence. Whilst initially students found the metaphor challenging to fathom, throughout their placement, they found it impactful for comprehending their development of self. Conclusion. This study revealed that the students’ self-awareness and personal and professional development were influenced by their engagement with and application of the Kawa Model. Repeated engagement with the Kawa Model enhanced the students’ journey of personal and professional skill development.

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The Kawa River Model: Applying Theory to Develop Interventions for Combat and Operational Stress Control

Cited by 8 publications

References 34 publications

Occupational therapy for military personnel and military veterans experiencing post‐traumatic stress disorder: A scoping review

Occupational therapy for military personnel and military veterans experiencing post‐traumatic stress disorder: A scoping review

Life After Losing an Adult Child to a Drug Overdose: A Kawa Perspective

The Kawa Model: A Self-Reflection Tool for Occupational Therapy Student Development in Practice Placements in Australia

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