“…In proportion, the average income of the respondents was above IDR 3,000,000 (41%), followed by income below IDR 2,500,000 (30.5%) and IDR 2,500,000-IDR 3,000,000 (28.5%). Althalets et al (2023) and Stefano et al (2021) verifies that the origins of the birth of the Samarinda City began with the rapid development of the "Kesultanan Kutai Kartanegara ing Martadipura", the majority of which built and inhabited the kingdom around the Mahakam River zone. If you look at history, in the 13 th century AD which is estimated to be between 1201-1300, before Samarinda became popular as it is now, population growth was spread across six locations: Mangkupelas (Mangkupalas), Sembuyutan (Sambutan), Luah Bakung (Loa Bakung), Karamumus (Karang Mumus), Pulau Atas and Karangasan (Karang Asam).…”