The kinetic parameters and safe operating conditions of nitroglycerine manufacture in the CSTR of Biazzi process

Lu, Kai‐Tai; Luo, Kuo-Ming; Yeh, Tsao-Fa; Lin, Peng-Chu

doi:10.1016/j.psep.2007.10.006

Cited by 13 publications

(14 citation statements)

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“…The X in Fig. 1 marks one of the steady states that was considered by Lu et al (2008). As can be seen, it is outside the region of oscillatory instability and the region of multiplicity and a check of the computed data finds the steady state system temperature T = 281 K. But if T a , the coolant temperature, is reduced below 257 K (with F fixed) the Hopf bifurcation locus is crossed and thermal oscillations set in.…”

Section: Example I: Synthesis Of Nitroglycerine In a Cstrmentioning

confidence: 94%

“…Then, F was allowed to vary as well as T a and the loci of the Hopf and saddle-node bifurcations was computed over T a -F. (2) and (3). The X marks a steady state considered by Lu et al (2008).…”

Section: Example I: Synthesis Of Nitroglycerine In a Cstrmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This is best achieved by use of concrete examples of real systems. The following two published examples (Lu et al, 2008(Lu et al, , 2005 were chosen as cases that graphically illustrate the pitfalls of ignoring CSTR dynamics, and where stability analysis reveals oscillatory thermal instability of dangerous amplitude that cannot be detected using classical (Semenov) ignition theory. Lu et al (2008) developed CSTR operating criteria for the esterification of glycerol with nitric acid to produce nitroglycerine,…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Thermal instability and runaway criteria: The dangers of disregarding dynamics

Ball

Gray

2013

Process Safety and Environmental Protection

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Two exemplary exothermic processes, synthesis of nitroglycerine in a continuous stirred tank reactor (CSTR) and synthesis of the explosive RDX in a CSTR, are used to demonstrate the dangers of ignoring the system dynamics when defining criteria for thermal criticality or runaway. Stability analyses are necessary to prescribe such criteria, and for these systems prove the presence of dangerous oscillatory thermal instability which cannot be detected using the steady state thermal balances.

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Section: Example I: Synthesis Of Nitroglycerine In a Cstrmentioning

confidence: 94%

Section: Example I: Synthesis Of Nitroglycerine In a Cstrmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Thermal instability and runaway criteria: The dangers of disregarding dynamics

Ball

Gray

2013

Process Safety and Environmental Protection

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“…Then Highsmith and Johnston (2005) invented the continuous process production of glycidyl nitrate from glycerol with 1,3 dinitroglycerine as intermediate products. The kinetics parameter of nitroglycerin in the CSTR of Biazzi Process was presented by Lu et al (2008). The temperature effect on glycerol nitration was studied by Astuti et al (2014).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The oxidation of 2-octanol with nitric acid is also first order with respect to 2-octanol and nitric acid (Van Woezik & Westerterp, 2000). The reaction rate of trinitroglycerin formation from glycerol and nitric acid in the CSTR of Biazzi process can be expressed as (Lu et al, 2008):…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Kinetic Modeling of Nitration of Glycerol

Astuti¹,

Supranto²,

Rochmadi³

et al. 2014

MAS

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Glycerol can be synthesized to make 1,3-dinitroglycerin as an intermediate product to produce polyglycidyl nitrate. This study performed kinetic modeling of nitration used elementary reactions that consisting of seven reversible reactions. The aim of this present work is to find out the representing reaction of seven reactions tested. The concept work is to study the reaction rates and its relation to the position of the nitrated hydroxyl group in the molecule. Nitration of glycerol to 1,3-dinitroglycerin was studied in the temperature range 10-30 °C, the molar ratio of nitric acid to glycerol 1/1 to 7/1 and nitric acid concentration of 69%. The seven reaction terms represent the reactions that occurred in the nitration of glycerol. The position of hydroxyl group in molecule causes difference reaction rate. The primary hydroxyl group is more reactive than secondary hydroxyl group. The parameter values describe that the 1 st , 3 rd , 5 th and 7 th reaction rates are very fast. On the contrary, the 2 nd , 4 th and 6 th reaction rates are slow.

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Utilization of Glycerol from Biodiesel Industry By-product into Several Higher Value Products

Mufrodi

Astuti

Budiman

et al. 2020

Applied Environmental Science and Engineering for a Sustainable Future

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The kinetic parameters and safe operating conditions of nitroglycerine manufacture in the CSTR of Biazzi process

Cited by 13 publications

References 0 publications

Thermal instability and runaway criteria: The dangers of disregarding dynamics

Thermal instability and runaway criteria: The dangers of disregarding dynamics

Kinetic Modeling of Nitration of Glycerol

Utilization of Glycerol from Biodiesel Industry By-product into Several Higher Value Products

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