The Kongsberg silver deposits, Norway: Ag-Hg-Sb mineralization and constraints for the formation of the deposits

Kotková, Jana; Kullerud, Kåre; Šrein, Vladimír; Drábek, Milan; Škoda, Radek

doi:10.1007/s00126-017-0757-1

Cited by 15 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…The ores at the massive Kisgruva Proterozoic volcanogenic sulfide deposit in the Kongsberg region of Buskerud, Norway, were originally used for extraction of copper, iron and sulfur. However, they also contain high concentrations of Se and Te (Bjerkgård, 2015;Bullock et al, 2018;Kotková et al, 2018). The Se and Te in these ores are primarily retained in pyrite and chalcopyrite as selenides and tellurides with selenite and tellurite occurring at ore surfaces as oxidized weathering products (Bullock et al, 2018).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fungal transformation of selenium and tellurium located in a volcanogenic sulfide deposit

Liang

Perez

Zhang

et al. 2020

Environmental Microbiology

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Microbial reduction of soluble selenium (Se) or tellurium (Te) species results in immobilization as elemental forms and this process has been employed in soil bioremediation. However, little is known of direct and indirect fungal interactions with Se-/Te-bearing ores. In this research, the ability of Phoma glomerata to effect transformation of selenite and tellurite was investigated including interaction with Se and Te present in sulfide ores from the Kisgruva Proterozoic volcanogenic deposit. Phoma glomerata could precipitate elemental Se and Te as nanoparticles, intracellularly and extracellularly, when grown with selenite or tellurite. The nanoparticles possessed various surface capping molecules, with formation being influenced by extracellular polymeric substances. The presence of sulfide ore also affected the production of exopolysaccharide and protein. Although differences were undetectable in gross Se and Te ore levels before and after fungal interaction using X-ray fluorescence, laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry of polished flat ore surfaces revealed that P. glomerata could effect changes in Se/Te distribution and concentration indicating Se/Te enrichment in the biomass. These findings provide further understanding of fungal roles in metalloid transformations and are relevant to the geomicrobiology of environmental metalloid cycling as well as informing applied approaches for Se and Te immobilization, biorecovery or bioremediation.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fungal transformation of selenium and tellurium located in a volcanogenic sulfide deposit

Liang

Perez

Zhang

et al. 2020

Environmental Microbiology

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“…A similar system was installed as described by Banks et al (2004) at the Kongsberg (L,I) silver mine in southern Norway (9.6004° E, 59.6302° N) [10,73]. The system can provide 12 kW of heating to the underground banqueting and concert hall (the 'Festsalen'), via a closed loop system whereby an anti-freeze solution is circulated through a 130-250 m long polyethene collector loop in the main shaft.…”

Section: Norwaymentioning

confidence: 99%

A Review of the Performance of Minewater Heating and Cooling Systems

et al. 2021

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As the decarbonisation of heating and cooling becomes a matter of critical importance, it has been shown that flooded mines can provide a reliable source of low-carbon thermal energy production and storage when coupled with appropriate demand via an appropriate heat transfer technology. This paper summarises the potential resource represented by a long legacy of mining operations, the means heat can be extracted from (or rejected to) flooded mine workings, and then considers the risks and challenges faced by minewater geothermal energy (MWG) schemes in the planning, construction, and operational phases. A combination of site visits, interviews and literature reviews has informed concise, updated accounts for many of the minewater geothermal energy systems installed across the world, including accounts of hitherto unpublished systems. The paper has found that a number of previously reported MWG schemes are now non-operational. Key risks encountered by MWG schemes (which in some cases have led to decommissioning) include clogging of system components with mineral precipitates (e.g., ochre), uncertainty in targeting open mine voids and their hydraulic behaviour, uncertainty regarding longevity of access to minewater resource, and accumulated ongoing monitoring and maintenance burdens.

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“…According to their distinct mineralogical features, five-element veins are referred to as native metal-arsenide veins in this contribution. Uranium is often spatially associated with native metal-arsenide mineralization (Zálesí and Jáchymov deposits/Czech Republic, Ondruš et al, 2003a, b, c;Dolníček et al, 2009; Wittichen district/Germany, Staude et al, 2012; Great Bear Lake district/Canada, Changkakoti et al, 1986) but may also be entirely absent (Spessart and Odenwald districts/Germany, Wagner and Lorenz, 2002;Burisch et al, 2017; Kongsberg district/Norway, Kotková et al, 2018). In the Erzgebirge, most of the native metal-arsenide deposits are associated with abundant U, which contributed significantly to the U reserves of the former German Democratic Republic (GDR;Wismut GmbH, 1999).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Vertical Zoning in Hydrothermal U-Ag-Bi-Co-Ni-As Systems: A Case Study from the Annaberg-Buchholz District, Erzgebirge (Germany)

et al. 2021

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The Annaberg-Buchholz district is a classic occurrence of hydrothermal five-element (U-Ag-Bi-Co-Ni-As) veins in the Erzgebirge (Germany) with an historic production of ~8,700 metric tons (t) Co ore, 496 t U ore, and 26.9 t Ag. Multiple mineralization stages are recognized in polyphase veins hosted by Proterozoic paragneiss. Fluorite-barite-Pb-Zn mineralization occurs across the entire vertical profile of the district, whereas U and five-element stages are restricted to the upper 400 m below surface, coinciding with a graphite-rich gneiss lithology. Here, we present field and petrographic observations, electron probe microanalysis and fluid inclusion data, as well as thermodynamic calculations to characterize five-element and fluorite-barite-Pb-Zn associations, and to constrain the origin of the vertical zoning in the Annaberg-Buchholz district. Microthermometric analyses of fluid inclusions related to the fluorite-barite-Pb-Zn stage yield homogenization temperatures between 78° and 140°C and salinities between 21.9 and 27.7 equiv wt % (NaCl-CaCl2). A correlation of fluid inclusion Na/(Na + Ca) ratios with salinity suggests fluid mixing as a likely precipitation mechanism and relates ore formation tentatively to regional tectonics of the Mesozoic opening of the Atlantic. Thermodynamic calculations indicate that U is more sensitive to reduction than As, predicting that arsenide minerals are precipitated more distally relative to uraninite upon reduction along the fluid-flow path. This implies that the observed vertical zoning is not a primary feature but is the result of hydrothermal remobilization. The observations made in the Annaberg-Buchholz district have general importance to the understanding of U-rich five-element mineralization and may be relevant for exploration targeting in unconformity-related U deposits.

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The Kongsberg silver deposits, Norway: Ag-Hg-Sb mineralization and constraints for the formation of the deposits

Cited by 15 publications

References 22 publications

Fungal transformation of selenium and tellurium located in a volcanogenic sulfide deposit

Fungal transformation of selenium and tellurium located in a volcanogenic sulfide deposit

A Review of the Performance of Minewater Heating and Cooling Systems

Vertical Zoning in Hydrothermal U-Ag-Bi-Co-Ni-As Systems: A Case Study from the Annaberg-Buchholz District, Erzgebirge (Germany)

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