The Landscape of Adaptive Evolution of a Gut Commensal Bacteria in Aging Mice

Barreto, Hugo C.; Sousa, Ana; Gordo, Isabel

doi:10.1016/j.cub.2020.01.037

Cited by 46 publications

(44 citation statements)

References 53 publications

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“…Experimental evolution has largely focused on a single species in isolation (from E. coli to Drosophila ), devoid from its eco-evolutionary context ( Graves et al, 2017 ; Herron and Doebeli, 2013 ; Hsu et al, 2021 ; Lenski, 2017 ; Lenski and Travisano, 1994 ). Fewer experimental evolution studies have been performed in communities ( Barraclough, 2015 ; Barreto et al, 2020 ; Evans et al, 2020 ; Fiegna et al, 2015 ; Lawrence et al, 2012 ; Scheuerl et al, 2020 ), and as a result we still know little about how ecological interactions affect parallelism and convergence in evolution. Addressing this void requires experiments in multiple replicates, under conditions with growing levels of contextual richness: i.e.…”

Section: Does It Matter?mentioning

confidence: 99%

Functional biology in its natural context: A search for emergent simplicity

Bergelson

Kreitman

Petrov

et al. 2021

eLife

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Section: Does It Matter?mentioning

confidence: 99%

Functional biology in its natural context: A search for emergent simplicity

Bergelson

Kreitman

Petrov

et al. 2021

eLife

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“…To characterize the effect of different streptomycin regimes in the microbiota, we analyzed the V4 region of 16S rRNA gene sequenced from fecal samples from young animals before and after antibiotic treatment (days 7/8 of the evolution experiment). 16S sequence data from animals treated with streptomycin for only 1 day is available from Frazão et al (2019) and 16S sequence data from animals treated with continuous streptomycin is available from Barreto et al (2020) .…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Selective Advantage of the lac Operon for Escherichia coli Is Conditional on Diet and Microbiota Composition

et al. 2021

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The lac operon is one of the best known gene regulatory circuits and constitutes a landmark example of how bacteria tune their metabolism to nutritional conditions. It is nearly ubiquitous in Escherichia coli strains justifying the use of its phenotype, the ability to consume lactose, for species identification. Lactose is the primary sugar found in milk, which is abundant in mammals during the first weeks of life. However, lactose is virtually non-existent after the weaning period, with humans being an exception as many consume dairy products throughout their lives. The absence of lactose during adulthood in most mammals and the rarity of lactose in the environment, means that the selective pressure for maintaining the lac operon could be weak for long periods of time. Despite the ability to metabolize lactose being a hallmark of E. coli’s success when colonizing its primary habitat, the mammalian intestine, the selective value of this trait remains unknown in this ecosystem during adulthood. Here we determine the competitive advantage conferred by the lac operon to a commensal strain of E. coli when colonizing the mouse gut. We find that its benefit, which can be as high as 11%, is contingent on the presence of lactose in the diet and on the presence of other microbiota members in the gut, but the operon is never deleterious. These results help explaining the pervasiveness of the lac operon in E. coli, but also its polymorphism, as lac-negative E. coli strains albeit rare can naturally occur in the gut.

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“…It can be extensively modified by components of the microbiota to both the detriment and the benefit of the host. Changes in host health can likewise alter the within-host metabolic environment, contributing to disease onset from resident commensals [ 62 ]. Given the diversity of species housed by the animal gut, there are complex interactions to pick apart.…”

Section: Promotion Of Pathogen Invadersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Host microbiota can facilitate pathogen infection

2021

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Animals live in symbiosis with numerous microbe species. While some can protect hosts from infection and benefit host health, components of the microbiota or changes to the microbial landscape have the potential to facilitate infections and worsen disease severity. Pathogens and pathobionts can exploit microbiota metabolites, or can take advantage of a depletion in host defences and changing conditions within a host, to cause opportunistic infection. The microbiota might also favour a more virulent evolutionary trajectory for invading pathogens. In this review, we consider the ways in which a host microbiota contributes to infectious disease throughout the host’s life and potentially across evolutionary time. We further discuss the implications of these negative outcomes for microbiota manipulation and engineering in disease management.

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The Landscape of Adaptive Evolution of a Gut Commensal Bacteria in Aging Mice

Abstract: Aging is a complex process, with many associated time-dependent phenotypes. The gut microbiota have long been postulated as an important factor in shaping healthy aging [1,2]. During aging, changes

Cited by 46 publications

References 53 publications

Functional biology in its natural context: A search for emergent simplicity

Functional biology in its natural context: A search for emergent simplicity

The Selective Advantage of the lac Operon for Escherichia coli Is Conditional on Diet and Microbiota Composition

Host microbiota can facilitate pathogen infection

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