The large Bakyrchik orogenic gold deposit, eastern Kazakhstan: Geology, mineralization, fluid inclusion, and stable isotope characteristics

Soloviev, Serguei G.; Kryazhev, S. G.; Dvurechenskaya, Svetlana S.; Trushin, S. I.

doi:10.1016/j.oregeorev.2020.103863

Cited by 9 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 94 publications

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“…Helium isotopes were also considered to be indicative of mantle input (Graupner et al 2010). A magmatic contribution at Bakyrchik is assumed based upon near-zero δ 34 S isotope values and broadly coeval mafic dikes (Soloviev et al 2020). Damdinov et al (2021) argued that the presence of As-, Bi-, Sb-, and Te-bearing mineral phases; the presence of Agand Sb-rich sulfosalts; calculated δ 18 O values for auriferous quartz of about 6-7‰ and measured δ 34 S sulfide values of about − 4 to + 5‰; and restriction of ores to granitoid hosts 2020), a magmatic and/ or mantle thermal event superimposed a contact metamorphic overprint on previously regionally metamorphosed sediments.…”

Section: Yilgarn Craton the Fimiston Deposit Mined By The Goldenmentioning

confidence: 99%

Orogenic gold: is a genetic association with magmatism realistic?

Goldfarb

Pitcairn

2022

Miner Deposita

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Many workers accept a metamorphic model for orogenic gold ore formation, where a gold-bearing aqueous-carbonic fluid is an inherent product of devolatilization across the greenschist-amphibolite boundary with the majority of deposits formed within the seismogenic zone at depths of 6–12 km. Fertile oceanic rocks that source fluid and metal may be heated through varied tectonic scenarios affecting the deforming upper crust (≤ 20–25 km depth). Less commonly, oceanic cover and crust on a downgoing slab may release an aqueous-carbonic metamorphic fluid at depths of 25–50 km that travels up-dip along a sealed plate boundary until intersecting near-vertical structures that facilitate fluid migration and gold deposition in an upper crustal environment. Nevertheless, numerous world-class orogenic gold deposits are alternatively argued to be products of magmatic-hydrothermal processes based upon equivocal geochemical and mineralogical data or simply a spatial association with an exposed or hypothesized intrusion. Oxidized intrusions may form gold-bearing porphyry and epithermal ores in the upper 3–4 km of the crust, but their ability to form economic gold resources at mesozonal (≈ 6–12 km) and hypozonal (≈ > 12 km) depths is limited. Although volatile saturation may be reached in magmatic systems at depths as deep as 10–15 km, such saturation doesn’t indicate magmatic-hydrothermal fluid release. Volatiles typically will be channeled upward in magma and mush to brittle apical roof zones at epizonal levels (≈ < 6 km) before large pressure gradients are reached to rapidly release a focused fluid. Furthermore, gold and sulfur solubility relationships favor relatively shallow formation of magmatic-hydrothermal gold systems; although aqueous-carbonic fluid release from a magmatic system below 6 km would generally be diffuse, even if in cases where it was somehow better focused, it is unlikely to contain substantial gold. Where reduced intrusions form through assimilation of carbonaceous crustal material, subsequent high fluid pressures and hydrofracturing have been shown to lead to development of sheeted veins and greisens at depths of 3–6 km. These products of reduced magmatic-hydrothermal systems, however, typically form Sn and or W ores, with economic low grade gold occurrences (< 1 g/t Au) being formed in rare cases. Thus, whereas most moderate- to high-T orogens host orogenic gold and intrusions, there is no genetic association.

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Section: Yilgarn Craton the Fimiston Deposit Mined By The Goldenmentioning

confidence: 99%