The Late Eocene ‘Whiskey Creek’ methane-seep deposit (western Washington State)

Peckmann, Jörn; Goedert, James L.; Heinrichs, Till; Hoefs, Jochen; Reitner, Joachim

doi:10.1007/bf02667542

Cited by 65 publications

(30 citation statements)

References 60 publications

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“…Savard et al, 1996;Campbell et al, 2002;Aloisi et al, 2000;Martire et al, 2010;Cavalazzi et al, 2014). A bacterial origin has been substantiated by low d 34 S values found for pyrite from seep sediments and enclosed in seep limestones (Kohn et al, 1998;Peckmann et al, 2003;Jenkins et al, 2007).…”

Section: Authigenic Carbonates Resulting From Hydrocarbon Seepagementioning

confidence: 87%

Biodetrital carbonates on the Adriatic continental shelf imprinted by oxidation of seeping hydrocarbons

Taviani

Franchi

Angeletti

et al. 2015

Marine and Petroleum Geology

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Section: Authigenic Carbonates Resulting From Hydrocarbon Seepagementioning

confidence: 87%

Biodetrital carbonates on the Adriatic continental shelf imprinted by oxidation of seeping hydrocarbons

Taviani

Franchi

Angeletti

et al. 2015

Marine and Petroleum Geology

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“…10), suggesting that the carbonates are in isotopic equilibrium with the ambient waters, therefore indicating in situ lithification of the limestones (Milliman 1974). The positive δ 13 C values exclude an introduction of diagenetic CO 2 derived from bacterial oxidation of organic matter or from microbial sulphate reduction combined with anaerobic methane oxidation, since Recent and ancient carbonate precipitates fuelled by methane of biogenic and/or thermogenic sources are characterised by unusually negative δ 13 C values (Milliman 1974;Peckmann et al 1999;Aharon 2000;Peckmann et al 2001Peckmann et al , 2002Michaelis et al 2002;Goedert et al 2003;Peckmann et al 2003;Buggisch and Krumm 2005). The lighter values outside of the cluster in the diagram (Fig.…”

Section: Organic Controlmentioning

confidence: 93%

From sediment to rock: diagenetic processes of hardground formation in deep-water carbonate mounds of the NE Atlantic

Noé

Titschack

Freiwald

et al. 2006

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Modern cool-water carbonate mounds topped by corals form an extended reef belt along the NW European continental margin at 200-1200 m water depth. An essential element of mound growth are hardgrounds which provide a stable substratum for mound-building invertebrate colonisation and stabilise the inclined mound flanks. Evaluating the degree of lithification and the slope stability against erosion represents an important task within the ESF programme MOUNDFORCE under the umbrella of EUROMARGINS. Sampling of hardgrounds during RV Meteor cruises M61-1 and -3 in 2004 by means of the IFM-GEOMAR TV-grab and the Bremen ROV QUEST focused on carbonate mounds of the Porcupine Seabight and northwestern Rockall Bank off Ireland. Lithified carbonates of mid-Pleistocene age were exhumed during the Holocene and are now exposed on the top and flanks of numerous carbonate mounds showing a patchy to dense colonisation by living corals and associated invertebrates. The sediments, composed of foraminiferal-nannoplankton oozes and admixed mound-derived invertebrate skeletons, range from partly lithified chalks to dense micritic limestones. These wackestones to packstones clearly differ from bacterially induced authigenic carbonate crusts typical of hydrocarbon seep settings by showing current-induced sedimentary structures, a non-luminescing matrix indicating oxic pore fluids, and a marine isotopic signature lacking any depleted carbon regime which is typical of anaerobic methane oxidation. The carbonate lithification is driven by carbonate ion diffusion from supersaturated seawater into the pore fluids S. Noé ( ) · W.-C. Dullo in the studied areas. Vigorous bottom currents were the ultimate control not only of carbonate cementation by enhancing the diffusion process and supporting a pumping mechanism, but also of hardground formation and mound shaping by exhuming lithified carbonates and preventing finegrained sediment accumulation at the downslope mound flanks.

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“…Based on the paragenetic sequence and EDX results, diVerent mineralogies still appeared feasible, including anhydrite, bassanite (calcium sulphate hemihydrate; cf. Allen and Kramer 1953;Bundy 1956;Peckmann et al 2003), and gypsum. Under these circumstances, conventional XRD-techniques require either suYcient amounts of Wne-ground material of the respective mineral phase or separation of single crystals.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Gypsum whiskers in Messinian evaporites identified by μ-XRD2

Ziegenbalg

Berthold

Kappler

et al. 2010

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The gypsum mineralogy of hair-like, so-called whisker crystals was determined by micro X-ray diVractometry equipped with a focusing X-ray optic and a twodimensional detector ( -XRD 2 ). Gypsum whiskers typically form by eZorescence on surfaces that are in contact with water. The delicate whiskers studied here formed within a Messinian evaporite mostly consisting of anhydrite. They project from alabastrine gypsum into former cavities. The gypsum resulted from hydration of anhydrite. Whiskers were Wnally engulfed by biogenic, native sulphur, which Wlled the cavities in the course of microbial alteration of the host lithology. The sulphur protected the delicate whisker crystals from destruction, including a period of exposure to weathering on a dumping site of a former mine where the rocks have been sampled. To the best of our knowledge, this is the Wrst report of gypsum whiskers in evaporites. More signiWcantly, this study reveals that -XRD 2 has great potential for sedimentary petrology, allowing the in situ identiWcation of minute mineral phases that cannot be identiWed with conventional techniques.

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The Late Eocene ‘Whiskey Creek’ methane-seep deposit (western Washington State)

Cited by 65 publications

References 60 publications

Biodetrital carbonates on the Adriatic continental shelf imprinted by oxidation of seeping hydrocarbons

Biodetrital carbonates on the Adriatic continental shelf imprinted by oxidation of seeping hydrocarbons

From sediment to rock: diagenetic processes of hardground formation in deep-water carbonate mounds of the NE Atlantic

Gypsum whiskers in Messinian evaporites identified by μ-XRD2

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