The Late Neolithic/Early Chalcolithic Transition at Teleilat Ghassul: Context, Chronology and Culture

Bourke, Stephen

doi:10.3406/paleo.2007.5205

Cited by 11 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…In Jordan, this includes sites like Tuleilat Ghassul, Abu Hamid, Tell esh-Shuna, [187,188]. Sites in the Jordan Valley utilized mixed farming and pastoral subsistence strategies that included sheep/goat, pig, and cattle with einkorn and emmer wheat, six-row and two-row barley, lentils, chickpeas, and olive [188][189][190][191][192].…”

Section: Plos Onementioning

confidence: 99%

Mapping past human land use using archaeological data: A new classification for global land use synthesis and data harmonization

et al. 2021

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In the 12,000 years preceding the Industrial Revolution, human activities led to significant changes in land cover, plant and animal distributions, surface hydrology, and biochemical cycles. Earth system models suggest that this anthropogenic land cover change influenced regional and global climate. However, the representation of past land use in earth system models is currently oversimplified. As a result, there are large uncertainties in the current understanding of the past and current state of the earth system. In order to improve representation of the variety and scale of impacts that past land use had on the earth system, a global effort is underway to aggregate and synthesize archaeological and historical evidence of land use systems. Here we present a simple, hierarchical classification of land use systems designed to be used with archaeological and historical data at a global scale and a schema of codes that identify land use practices common to a range of systems, both implemented in a geospatial database. The classification scheme and database resulted from an extensive process of consultation with researchers worldwide. Our scheme is designed to deliver consistent, empirically robust data for the improvement of land use models, while simultaneously allowing for a comparative, detailed mapping of land use relevant to the needs of historical scholars. To illustrate the benefits of the classification scheme and methods for mapping historical land use, we apply it to Mesopotamia and Arabia at 6 kya (c. 4000 BCE). The scheme will be used to describe land use by the Past Global Changes (PAGES) LandCover6k working group, an international project comprised of archaeologists, historians, geographers, paleoecologists, and modelers. Beyond this, the scheme has a wide utility for creating a common language between research and policy communities, linking archaeologists with climate modelers, biodiversity conservation workers and initiatives.

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Section: Plos Onementioning

confidence: 99%

Mapping past human land use using archaeological data: A new classification for global land use synthesis and data harmonization

et al. 2021

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“…Transverse arrowheads are found during the Pottery Neolithic and Chalcolithic periods (with isolated cases in the Pre-Pottery Neolithic), however in most of the sites where they were found they appear only as single items (e.g. Barkai & Gopher 1999;Betts 1992;Bourke 2007;Dag & Garfinkel 2007;Prausnitz et al 1970;Rosenberg & van den Brink 2005). The site of Kvish Harif where 37 of these arrowheads were found (Rosen 1984) is an exception.…”

Section: Transverse Arrowheadsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dull-edged Weapons and Low-level Fighting in the Late Prehistoric Southern Levant

Shimelmitz

Rosenberg

2013

CAJ

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While duels and other types of fighting with a relatively low level of lethal risk are well known from the ethnographic record, these have been less studied from an archaeological perspective. These fights are different from 'war' in the lack of killing intent and they are commonly referred to as 'ritual fighting', thus implying the social significance of the act and not just the outcome. Our study concentrates on the Late Pottery Neolithic and Chalcolithic periods of the southern Levant from which the physical evidence of violence is relatively scarce, although conflicts are assumed to have intensified due to the increase in long-term settlements and density of population. We will argue that the three types of weapons found during these periods -maceheads, slingstones and transverse arrowheads -are characterized by dull or blunt peripheries and were intentionally designed not to cause maximal injury or inflict lethal blows. These weapons are well represented only after the hunting of wild game dramatically declined and we suggest that they represent the conduct of low-level fighting, consequently indicating the presence of rules and social organization that are essential elements for the formation of early complex societies.

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Shape Reproducibility and architectural symmetry during the Chalcolithic period in the southern Levant

Winter-Livneh¹,

Svoray²,

Gilead³

2013

Journal of Archaeological Science

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The Late Neolithic/Early Chalcolithic Transition at Teleilat Ghassul: Context, Chronology and Culture

Cited by 11 publications

References 15 publications

Mapping past human land use using archaeological data: A new classification for global land use synthesis and data harmonization

Mapping past human land use using archaeological data: A new classification for global land use synthesis and data harmonization

Dull-edged Weapons and Low-level Fighting in the Late Prehistoric Southern Levant

Shape Reproducibility and architectural symmetry during the Chalcolithic period in the southern Levant

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