The Late Upper Paleolithic occupation of the northern Tibetan Plateau margin

Madsen, David B.; Ma, Hao; Brantingham, P. Jeffrey; Gao, Xing; Rhode, David; Haiying, Zhang; Olsen, John W.

doi:10.1016/j.jas.2006.01.017

Cited by 143 publications

(118 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…Sun et al (2012) dated a hearth from the Jiangxigou archaeological site in the Qinghai Lake Basin (Fig. 1B), and offered four OSL ages around the hearth ranging from 12.9 ± 0.9 to 14.4 ± 1.0 ka, confirming the corresponding AMS 14 C ages of 14690 ± 150 and 14760 ± 150 Cal BP (Madsen et al, 2006). Zeng (2006) dated two cultural layers (3229 ± 82 and 3477 ± 63 Cal BP after calibration) covered by aeolian sand in Nuomuhong town (Fig.…”

Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 61%

“…10 m north to HSZ1 section, and only one OSL sample was taken. Some dry sheep dungs and bones were found in three different layers, where three OSL samples were taken from, in the HSZ3 section, and a (Han et al, 2014), Erfang site , Xiao Qaidam site (Huang et al, 1987, Brantingham andSun et al, 2010), Lenghu site in the northern QB (Owen et al, 2006, Brantingham and, Nuomuhong site (Zeng, 2006), Jiangxigou site (e.g., Madsen et al, 2006;Brantingham and Gao, 2006;Sun et al, 2012), and some sites in this study (HSZ, HBC and XRH). The red dots with white centers display the towns and sections in this region, respectively.…”

Section: Sections and Samplesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Different implications of OSL and radiocarbon ages in archaeological sites in the Qaidam Basin, Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau

Lai

2016

Geochronometria

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Both Optically Stimulated Luminescence (OSL) dating and 14 C dating are main dating method for archaeological sites, while their disagreements are quite often. In the Qaidam Basin (QB), human activity remains (HMRs) are frequently found within aeolian sediments, offering opportunities to make comparison between OSL and 14 C ages, and to discuss their potential disagreements in archaeological sites. In this study, we present comparison between 18 (10 of them had been published) OSL and 17 AMS 14 C ages for samples from aeolian sediments in the eastern QB, including some samples from archaeological sites. Comparisons show better agreement in natural aeolian section, but more disagreements in sections with many HARs. This should be due to postdepositional anthropogenic disturbance, which can cause different influences to OSL and 14 C ages. The age disagreement might display their different significances, with 14 C chronology represent human activities, while OSL chronology more likely to reveal ages of original stratigraphy. Field hearth experiment was taken to check to what extent can heat from a hearth affect luminescence signals in the surrounding sediments. Results show that both OSL and Thermoluminescence signals in sediments under the hearths are not easy to be reset by the heat due to the poor downward thermal conductivity into the humid soil. This reminds the risk of OSL age overestimation for hearths. This study emphasizes the importance of cross-check between different dating methods for chronology building in archaeological contexts, and the necessity to analyze the dating materials, depositional process, and post-depositional disturbance when age disagreement is discovered.

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Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 61%

Section: Sections and Samplesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Different implications of OSL and radiocarbon ages in archaeological sites in the Qaidam Basin, Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau

Lai

2016

Geochronometria

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“…To permanently colonize the Tibetan Plateau, humans needed to adapt physiologically to the hypoxic environment and obtain sufficient food resources from the Plateau's harsh high-cold environments. During the late Paleolithic period, humans seasonally occupied the Tibetan Plateau (Madsen et al 1998(Madsen et al , 2006Brantingham et al 2003Brantingham et al , 2007Brantingham and Gao 2006;Rhode et al 2007Rhode et al , 2014. Limited wild animal resources of the alpine environment cannot alone sustain intensive and permanent human settlement.…”

Section: When Did Humans Colonize the Yushu Area?mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The history and strategies for achieving permanent human colonization on the Tibetan Plateau, the highest plateau on the earth, have been intensively studied in recent years (Madsen et al 1998(Madsen et al , 2006Zhang and Li 2002;Brantingham et al 2003Brantingham et al , 2007Aldenderfer 2006Aldenderfer , 2011Brantingham and Gao 2006;Rhode et al 2007;Yuan et al 2007;Sun et al 2012;Tang et al 2013;Guedes 2015;Guedes et al 2014Guedes et al , 2015Chen et al 2015). Archaeological investigation and optical dating indicate that foragers possibly reached 4200 m above sea level (asl) around 20,000 BP (Zhang and Li 2002), and definitely occupied areas above 3200 m asl after 15,000 BP (Brantingham and Gao 2006;Madsen et al 2006;Brantingham et al 2007;Rhode et al 2007Rhode et al , 2014Meyer et al 2017).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Archaeological investigation and optical dating indicate that foragers possibly reached 4200 m above sea level (asl) around 20,000 BP (Zhang and Li 2002), and definitely occupied areas above 3200 m asl after 15,000 BP (Brantingham and Gao 2006;Madsen et al 2006;Brantingham et al 2007;Rhode et al 2007Rhode et al , 2014Meyer et al 2017). Both archaeological and genetic research reveals that people began to inhabit the Tibetan Plateau on a large scale during the late Neolithic and Bronze Age periods (Bureau of National Cultural Relics 1996, 2010Brantingham et al 2007;Zhao et al 2009;Dong et al 2014;Qiu et al 2015;Barton 2016).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Dating Human Settlement in the East-Central Tibetan Plateau during the Late Holocene

Ren

Rhode³

et al. 2017

Radiocarbon

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ABSTRACT. Recent multidisciplinary research indicates that prehistoric agriculture innovation promoted permanent human settlements of areas up to 3400 m above sea level (asl) in the northern Tibetan Plateau, but when and how ancient humans extensively occupied areas above that altitude remains uncertain. In this paper, we investigated 12 archaeological sites situated above 3600 m asl in the Yushu autonomous prefecture, east-central Tibetan Plateau, to explore this issue. We determined the ages of five sites using the radiocarbon ( 14 C) dating method and identified animal bones sampled from three sites. The dating results show that humans occasionally occupied the Yushu area around 900 BC, and permanently inhabited the area between AD 540 and 1620. Preliminary faunal identifications indicate human-raised livestock including yak, sheep, and horse during the latter period. Stone-constructed tombs and rock painting were found at some investigated sites, suggesting humans perhaps engaged in a pastoral lifestyle during the very late Holocene in the high altitude Yushu area, where nomadic livestock production remains the current primary subsistence strategy focus.

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Developmental Functional Adaptation to High Altitude: Review

Frisancho

2013

American J Hum Biol

106

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Various approaches have been used to understand the origins of the functional traits that characterize the Andean high-altitude native. Based on the conceptual framework of developmental functional adaptation which postulates that environmental influences during the period of growth and development have long lasting effects that may be expressed during adulthood, we initiated a series of studies addressed at determining the pattern of physical growth and the contribution of growth and development to the attainment of full functional adaptation to high-altitude of low and high altitude natives living under rural and urban conditions. Current research indicate that: (a) the pattern of growth at high altitude due to limited nutritional resources, physical growth in body size is delayed but growth in lung volumes is accelerated because of hypoxic stress); (b) low-altitude male and female urban natives can attain a full functional adaptation to high altitude by exposure to high-altitude hypoxia during the period of growth and development; (c) both experimental studies on animals and comparative human studies indicate that exposure to high altitude during the period of growth and development results in the attainment of a large residual lung volume; (d) this developmentally acquired enlarged residual lung volume and its associated increase in alveolar area when combined with the increased tissue capillarization and moderate increase in red blood cells and hemoglobin concentration contributes to the successful functional adaptation of the Andean high-altitude native to hypoxia; and (e) any specific genetic traits that are related to the successful functional adaptation of Andean high-altitude natives have yet to be identified.

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The Late Upper Paleolithic occupation of the northern Tibetan Plateau margin

Cited by 143 publications

References 40 publications

Different implications of OSL and radiocarbon ages in archaeological sites in the Qaidam Basin, Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau

Different implications of OSL and radiocarbon ages in archaeological sites in the Qaidam Basin, Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau

Dating Human Settlement in the East-Central Tibetan Plateau during the Late Holocene

Developmental Functional Adaptation to High Altitude: Review

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