The lectin pathway of complement and the initial recognition of Leishmania infantum promastigotes

Ambrosio, Altair Rogerio; Bavia, Lorena; Hiraiwa, Priscila Mazzocchi; Tirado, Thais Cristina; Figueiredo, Fabiano Borges; Messias-Reason, Iara José de

doi:10.1016/j.lfs.2021.119793

Cited by 7 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…Patients with deficiency in C4 are at higher risk of developing microbial infection and autoimmune diseases [22]. The complement system recognised the Leishmania infantum promastigotes through adhesion of the lectin complement proteins, and lysed the parasites by deposition of C3 and C4 on Leishmania infantum surface [23]. Our study discovered the positive correlation of IgG2 and C4, and the negative correlation of IgG1 and C4, further substantiating the protective role of IgG2 in VL immunoregulation.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 74%

Serological characteristics and clinical implications of IgG subclasses in visceral leishmaniasis

Han,

Li,

Wei

et al. 2023

Tropical Med Int Health

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ObjectivesVisceral leishmaniasis (VL) represents the most severe form of Leishmaniasis infection, often resulting in fatality without timely treatment. Previous studies have found that immunosuppression increases the risk of VL disease progression and mortality, and the total immunoglobulin G (IgG) levels in peripheral blood vary before and after treatment. However, the distinct levels and roles of IgG subclasses in VL have not been documented yet. This study aims to elucidate the characteristics and clinical significance of IgG subclasses in VL.MethodsA total of 43 cases newly‐diagnosed with VL were enrolled in the cohort. We measured the levels of IgG subclasses before and after standard treatment and conducted assessments of bone marrow features. In addition, we analysed other haematological indices and examined the variations in IgG subclasses, as well as their correlation with clinical and laboratory factors.ResultsThe levels of total IgG, IgG1, and the ratios of both IgG1/IgG and IgG1/IgG2 decreased significantly after treatment, whereas the ratios of IgG2/ IgG showed an obvious increase. The VL patients without hyperglobulinemia displayed significant lower IgG1/IgG2 ratios, but higher IgG2/IgG ratios compared with those with hyperglobulinemia. In addition, VL patients with positive bone marrow amastigotes had significant higher IgG1/IgG and IgG1/IgG2 ratios, but lower IgG2/IgG ratios. IgG subclasses were correlated with abnormal blood test results, particularly immunological elements including IgM and Complement 4 (C4).ConclusionsIgG1 and IgG2 exhibited contrasting changes after treatment in VL patients. The features of bone marrow and laboratory tests indicated that IgG1 and IgG2 serve different roles in the progression of VL. The ratios of IgG subclasses may be more precise indicators to evaluate immune reaction in VL than traditional total IgG.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 74%

Serological characteristics and clinical implications of IgG subclasses in visceral leishmaniasis

Han,

Li,

Wei

et al. 2023

Tropical Med Int Health

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“…The lectin complement pathway is, by far, the most explored in the context of progression of infectious diseases. This is due to the fact this pathway is activated by PRMs, providing first-line immunological defense against pathogens ( 58 ) and contributing to clearance of microbes ( 59 ). Moreover, it has already been described that several protozoan species are able to activate this pathway with high efficiency, since depletion of MBL and ficolins in serum reduced the complement deposition and lysis by approximately 70% in T. cruzi ( 60 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Methodological Appraisal of Literature Concerning the Analysis of Genetic Variants or Protein Levels of Complement Components on Susceptibility to Infection by Trypanosomatids: A Systematic Review

et al. 2021

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BackgroundTrypanosomatids are protozoa responsible for a wide range of diseases, with emphasis on Chagas Disease (CD) and Leishmaniasis, which are in the list of most relevant Neglected Tropical Diseases (NTD) according to World Health Organization (WHO). During the infectious process, immune system is immediately activated, and parasites can invade nucleated cells through a broad diversity of receptors. The complement system − through classical, alternative and lectin pathways − plays a role in the first line of defense against these pathogens, acting in opsonization, phagocytosis and lysis of parasites. Genetic modifications in complement genes, such as Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms (SNPs), can influence host susceptibility to these parasites and modulate protein expression.MethodsIn March and April 2021, a literature search was conducted at the PubMed and Google Scholar databases and the reference lists obtained were verified. After applying the inclusion and exclusion criteria, the selected studies were evaluated and scored according to eleven established criteria regarding their thematic approach and design, aiming at the good quality of publications.ResultsTwelve papers were included in this systematic review: seven investigating CD and five focusing on Leishmaniasis. Most articles presented gene and protein approaches, careful determination of experimental groups, and adequate choice of experimental techniques, although several of them were not up-to-date. Ten studies explored the association of polymorphisms and haplotypes with disease progression, with emphasis on lectin complement pathway genes. Decreased and increased patient serum protein levels were associated with susceptibility to CD and Visceral Leishmaniasis, respectively.ConclusionThis systematic review shows the influence of genetic alterations in complement genes on the progression of several infectious diseases, with a focus on conditions caused by trypanosomatids, and contributes suggestions and evidence to improve experimental design in future research proposals.

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“…The binding of MBL, CL-11, ficolin -1, and ficolin-3, but not ficolin-2, was observed on the surface of live metacyclic promastigotes, highlighting the possible role MBL and ficolins play in the initial innate immune response to L. infantum [149]. The complement regulatory protein, factor H, from human serum and factor H-like proteins from dog serum, were found to bind to L. infantum and inactivate C3b in the presence of factor I [150].…”

Section: Dual Role Of Complementmentioning

confidence: 94%

Host–Pathogen Interaction in Leishmaniasis: Immune Response and Vaccination Strategies

Yasmin

Adhikary

Al-Ahdal

et al. 2022

Immuno

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Leishmaniasis is a zoonotic and vector-borne infectious disease that is caused by the genus Leishmania belonging to the trypanosomatid family. The protozoan parasite has a digenetic life cycle involving a mammalian host and an insect vector. Leishmaniasisis is a worldwide public health problem falling under the neglected tropical disease category, with over 90 endemic countries, and approximately 1 million new cases and 20,000 deaths annually. Leishmania infection can progress toward the development of species–specific pathologic disorders, ranging in severity from self-healing cutaneous lesions to disseminating muco-cutaneous and fatal visceral manifestations. The severity and the outcome of leishmaniasis is determined by the parasite’s antigenic epitope characteristics, the vector physiology, and most importantly, the immune response and immune status of the host. This review examines the nature of host–pathogen interaction in leishmaniasis, innate and adaptive immune responses, and various strategies that have been employed for vaccine development.

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The lectin pathway of complement and the initial recognition of Leishmania infantum promastigotes

Cited by 7 publications

References 28 publications

Serological characteristics and clinical implications of IgG subclasses in visceral leishmaniasis

Serological characteristics and clinical implications of IgG subclasses in visceral leishmaniasis

Methodological Appraisal of Literature Concerning the Analysis of Genetic Variants or Protein Levels of Complement Components on Susceptibility to Infection by Trypanosomatids: A Systematic Review

Host–Pathogen Interaction in Leishmaniasis: Immune Response and Vaccination Strategies

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