The legacy effect of unexploded bombs on educational attainment in Laos

Guo, Shiqi

doi:10.1016/j.jdeveco.2020.102527

Cited by 12 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 14 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…The finding is partly consistent with that of Merrouche (2008) for Mozambique, where UXO contamination was found to increase poverty and lower consumption at the district level, even many years after the ceasefire. Similarly, the intensity of UXO was found to reduce farming efficiency and education levels for individuals in Laos (Guo, 2020).…”

Section: Tablementioning

confidence: 95%

“…Moreover, Miguel and Roland (2011) mention that wars may have served to promote state and national development in Europe (Tilly, 1975) and may stimulate social progress by encouraging more popular participation (Keyssar, 2000) or by removing the power of entrenched groups that constrain pro-growth policies (Olson, 2008). However, a recent study by Guo (2020) reveals the negative long-term effect of wars in Laos and, as a terrible legacy of the Vietnam War, the fact that the existence of UXO (at the village level) has significantly reduced farming efficiency and levels of education for individuals.…”

Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Unexploded ordnance contamination and household livelihood choice in rural Vietnam

Nguyen¹,

Tran²,

Vu³

2022

RUJEC

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Vietnam is a country that found itself at the center of the Indochina wars and was subjected to the most intense aerial bombing in history. However, little research has been done on the effect of unexploded ordnance (UXO) contamination on household livelihoods in rural Vietnam. In this paper, we investigate the contaminating effect of unexploded ordnance on households. Livelihood choices are classified by cluster analysis techniques, and unexploded ordnance contamination is measured at the district level by the proportion of land at risk from unexploded bombs and mines. We examine the effect of UXO contamination on livelihood choices using a multinomial logit model, controlling for various important household and regional level characteristics. It was found that households in districts with greater contamination were less likely to adopt a formal wage-earning livelihood, characterized by higher income and less poverty, than they were to engage in an agricultural livelihood. This suggests that the Indochina wars have had a long-running effect, reducing the likelihood of non-farm diversification, which in turn diminishes economic well-being among rural households in Vietnam.

show abstract

Section: Tablementioning

confidence: 95%

Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Unexploded ordnance contamination and household livelihood choice in rural Vietnam

Nguyen¹,

Tran²,

Vu³

2022

RUJEC

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…In Angola, landmines caused a reduction of 0.5-1 year in child educational achievement (Arcand et al, 2015) and in Cambodia likewise, landmine contamination caused a reduction of 0.5-1 year in child educational attainment (Merrouche, 2011). Another study in Laos by Guo (2020) similarly found that school-aged children exposed to the average amount of UXO contamination had 1.3 fewer years of education two decades after the US bombardment ended.…”

Section: Economic Framework and Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 96%

The long-term effects of war on foreign direct investment and economic development: evidence from Vietnam

Nguyen,

Tran,

Van Vu

2024

Journal of Urban Economics

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

“…This framework postulates that γ ∈ Γ where Γ is the bounded support of γ and this support Γ = [−δ, δ] for different values of δ. The magnitude of this δ in our case is based on prior information about the reduced form estimates of the household's health expenditure on ICT Index (Meierrieks and Renner 2023;Guo 2020). We then can consistently estimate β through 2SLS and compute a union of the resulting confidence interval which consists of β for all values γ within the support Γ.…”

Section: Plausibly Exogenous IVmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Accordingly, our bound of 0.002, which accounts for nearly 30% of the overall direct impact of ICT on STEs, is appropriate. Guo (2020) allows for significantly smaller deviations (25% of reduced-form coefficient) from perfect exogeneity. Thus, our findings still support the presence of a positive and significant impact of urbanization on STEs, even though we allow for a sizable departure from the assumption of perfect exogeneity.…”

Section: Mechanismsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Urbanization and Health Expenditure: An Empirical Investigation from Households in Vietnam

Nguyen-Phung,

2024

Economies

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

This study examines the effects of urbanization on household health expenditure. Using a unique bi-annually household-level dataset from 2012–2016 from Vietnam, we obtain key findings as follows. To mitigate possible endogeneity concerns, we utilize a two-stage least squares regression (2SLS) approach, employing the development of information and communication (ICT) infrastructure at the province level as an instrumental variable (IV). The key findings can be summarized as follows. First, urbanization significantly reduces Vietnamese households’ inpatient and outpatient health expenses. Second, the self-treatment expenses of households increase as the process of urbanization advances. In addition, we perform various robustness checks, encompassing different measures of urbanization, the use of lag of urbanization as an additional IV, and the plausible exogenous IV. The outcomes derived from these rigorous sensitivity analyses substantiate the reliability and consistency of our key results. Finally, we propose different ways to explain these results, including health insurance expenses and household income.

show abstract

The legacy effect of unexploded bombs on educational attainment in Laos

Cited by 12 publications

References 14 publications

Unexploded ordnance contamination and household livelihood choice in rural Vietnam

Unexploded ordnance contamination and household livelihood choice in rural Vietnam

The long-term effects of war on foreign direct investment and economic development: evidence from Vietnam

Urbanization and Health Expenditure: An Empirical Investigation from Households in Vietnam

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About