The Leishmania donovani complex: Genotypes of five metabolic enzymes (ICD, ME, MPI, G6PDH, and FH), new targets for multilocus sequence typing

Zemanová, Eva; Jirků, Milan; Maurício, Isabel; Horák, Aleš; Miles, Michael A.; Lukeš, Julius

doi:10.1016/j.ijpara.2006.08.008

Cited by 83 publications

(85 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…Under standardized conditions, amplification was performed as previously described using the following primers: ABI-18 5 -CCACAGCAGT-3 , B-01 5 -GTTTCGC-TCC-3 , and B-10 5 -CTGCTGGGAC-3 . 28 The reaction products were separated in a 1.3% agarose gel followed by gel staining in a 0.5 μg/mL ethidium bromide solution (Sigma) as previously described. 29 The Lb13500 strain of L. braziliensis, isolated from a Brazilian patient with mucocutaneous leishmaniasis, as well as the La483 strain of L. amazonensis, isolated from a Brazilian patient with localized cutaneous leishmaniasis, were used as outgroups.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…44 Finally, L. infantum causes pleomorphic diseases in humans with visceral and cutaneous manifestations in the Old World, but there is a predominance of visceral manifestations found in the New World. 28,54 Interestingly, Leishmania infection by these parasites in the Caribbean region can result in either type of clinical manifestation. 55,56 However, all parasite strains found in the Caribbean belong to non-MON-1 zymodeme, which is distinct from the zymodeme of the Brazilian MON-1 strains.…”

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confidence: 99%

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An Assessment of the Genetic Diversity of Leishmania infantum Isolates from Infected Dogs in Brazil

Batista

Segatto²,

Guedes³

et al. 2012

The American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

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Abstract. Correlations between the genetic diversity of Leishmania infantum (syn. L. chagasi) isolates and their respective geographic origins support the theoretic assumption that visceral leishmaniasis probably originated in the Old World. Because dogs are widely considered to be the main reservoir of this disease, the present study aimed to investigate the degree of genetic divergence among 44 leishmanial canine isolates from two Brazilian cities, Jequié and Campo Grande, located approximately 2,028 km from each other. We hypothesized that a low degree of genetic divergence would be observed among these isolates. In fact, statistical analyses found no significant differences between the isolates using both random amplified polymorphic DNA and multilocus microsatellite typing genotyping techniques with three and seven markers, respectively. These findings provide support for the recent introduction of L. infantum into the New World.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

An Assessment of the Genetic Diversity of Leishmania infantum Isolates from Infected Dogs in Brazil

Batista

Segatto²,

Guedes³

et al. 2012

The American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

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“…On the basis of the RAPD and DNA sequence analyses, L. chagasi has been synonymized with L. infantum, which is consistent with a recent introduction of L. infantum in the New World (6). Whether L. archibaldi is a valid taxon has been questioned, because markers that distinguish it from L. donovani are not reliable, and other markers do not generate a single clade of L. archibaldi strains (7)(8)(9)(10)(11)(12)(13). Some molecular studies have shown that Sudanese strains of L. infantum are genetically indistinguishable from local L. donovani and that all Sudanese strains form a monophyletic genetic group.…”

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confidence: 87%

Evolutionary and geographical history of the Leishmania donovani complex with a revision of current taxonomy

Lukeš

Maurício

Schönian

et al. 2007

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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309

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Leishmaniasis is a geographically widespread severe disease, with an increasing incidence of two million cases per year and 350 million people from 88 countries at risk. The causative agents are species of Leishmania, a protozoan flagellate. Visceral leishmaniasis, the most severe form of the disease, lethal if untreated, is caused by species of the Leishmania donovani complex. These species are morphologically indistinguishable but have been identified by molecular methods, predominantly multilocus enzyme electrophoresis. We have conducted a multifactorial genetic analysis that includes DNA sequences of protein-coding genes as well as noncoding segments, microsatellites, restriction-fragment length polymorphisms, and randomly amplified polymorphic DNAs, for a total of Ϸ18,000 characters for each of 25 geographically representative strains. Genotype is strongly correlated with geographical (continental) origin, but not with current taxonomy or clinical outcome. We propose a new taxonomy, in which Leishmania infantum and L. donovani are the only recognized species of the L. donovani complex, and we present an evolutionary hypothesis for the origin and dispersal of the species. The genus Leishmania may have originated in South America, but diversified after migration into Asia. L. donovani and L. infantum diverged Ϸ1 Mya, with further divergence of infraspecific genetic groups between 0.4 and 0.8 Mya. The prevailing mode of reproduction is clonal, but there is evidence of genetic exchange between strains, particularly in Africa.Leishmania infantum ͉ Leishmaniasis ͉ parasitic protozoa ͉ phylogeny ͉ population genetics

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“…The L. donovani complex has been studied by 2 sets of 5 loci for genes coding for enzymes used in MLEE Zemanova et al 2007): one set with asat, gpi, nh1, nh2 and pgd and the other with icd, me, mpi, g6pdh, and fh. Together those 10 targets should form a complete MLST system applicable to the L. donovani complex.…”

Section: U L T I L O C U S S E Q U E N C E T Y P I N G ( M L S T )mentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular approaches for a better understanding of the epidemiology and population genetics ofLeishmania

2010

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S U M M A R YMolecular approaches are being used increasingly for epidemiological studies of visceral and cutaneous leishmaniases. Several molecular markers resolving genetic differences between Leishmania parasites at species and strain levels have been developed to address key epidemiological and population genetic questions. The current gold standard, multilocus enzyme typing (MLEE), needs cultured parasites and lacks discriminatory power. PCR assays identifying species directly with clinical samples have proven useful in numerous field studies. Multilocus sequence typing (MLST) is potentially the most powerful phylogenetic approach and will, most probably, replace MLEE in the future. Multilocus microsatellite typing (MLMT) is able to discriminate below the zymodeme level and seems to be the best candidate for becoming the gold standard for distinction of strains. Population genetic studies by MLMT revealed geographical and hierarchic population structure in L. tropica, L. major and the L. donovani complex. The existence of hybrids and gene flow between Leishmania populations suggests that sexual recombination is more frequent than previously thought. However, typing and analytical tools need to be further improved. Accessible databases should be created and sustained for integrating data obtained by different researchers. This would allow for global analyses and help to avoid biases in analyses due to small sample sizes.

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The Leishmania donovani complex: Genotypes of five metabolic enzymes (ICD, ME, MPI, G6PDH, and FH), new targets for multilocus sequence typing

Cited by 83 publications

References 34 publications

An Assessment of the Genetic Diversity of Leishmania infantum Isolates from Infected Dogs in Brazil

An Assessment of the Genetic Diversity of Leishmania infantum Isolates from Infected Dogs in Brazil

Evolutionary and geographical history of the Leishmania donovani complex with a revision of current taxonomy

Molecular approaches for a better understanding of the epidemiology and population genetics ofLeishmania

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