The Lesion Simulating Disease (LSD) gene family as a variable in soybean response to Phakopsora pachyrhizi infection and dehydration

Abstract

The Lesion Simulating Disease (LSD) genes encode a family of zinc finger proteins that are reported to play an important role in the hypersensitive response and programmed cell death (PCD) that are caused by biotic and abiotic stresses. In the present study, 117 putative LSD family members were identified in Viridiplantae. Genes with one, two, or three conserved LSD domains were identified. Proteins with three LSD domains were highly represented in the species analyzed and were present in basal organisms. Proteins with two LSD domains were identified only in the Embryophyte clade, and proteins possessing one LSD domain were highly represented in grass species. Expression analyses of Glycine max LSD (GmLSD) genes were performed by realtime quantitative polymerase chain reaction. The results indicated that GmLSD genes are not ubiquitously expressed in soybean organs and that their expression patterns are instead organ-dependent. The expression of the majority of GmLSD genes is modulated in soybean during Phakopsora pachyrhizi infection. In addition, the expression of some GmLSD genes is modulated in plants under dehydration stress. These results suggest the involvement of GmLSD genes in the response of soybean to both biotic and abiotic stresses.

Caspases in plants: metacaspase gene family in plant stress responses

“…Several genes involved in HR have been identified in different species (Cabreira et al 2013;Liao et al 2014;Wu et al 2014;Eck et al 2014;Kumar et al 2014). In certain plantpathogen interactions, the development of PCD seems to be mediated by metacaspases (Fig.…”

The phylogeny and evolutionary history of the Lesion Simulating Disease (LSD) gene family in Viridiplantae

“…The LSD family was initially identified in Arabidopsis thaliana by the analysis of mutants that spontaneously form necrotic lesions in the absence of pathogenic infection (Dietrich et al 1994). Genes belonging to this family negatively regulate PCD under stress conditions (Dietrich et al 1997;Epple et al 2003) and are exclusive to Viridiplantae (Cabreira et al 2013). The A. thaliana LSD1 gene (AtLSD1) is the well-characterized member of this family and acts as a cellular hub that makes a central contribution to the oxidative stress response (Kaminaka et al 2006).…”

“…The role of AtLSD1 in the regulation of cellular signaling homeostasis, photosynthesis, water use efficiency, and seed yield has recently been reported (Wituszynska et al 2013). Additionally, the gene OsLSD1 (Oryza sativa LSD1) regulates PCD and callus differentiation ; OsLOL2 (Oryza sativa LSD1-like 2) is involved in rice growth and disease resistance (Bhatti et al 2008;Xu and He 2007); BohLOL1 (Bambusa oldhamii LDS1-like 1) (Yeh et al 2011) participates in growth and biotic stress response in bamboo, and GmLSD1 to GmLSD8 (Glycine max LSD) are modulated in response to fungi and dehydration stresses (Cabreira et al 2013). These studies have demonstrated the involvement of LSD members in important biological processes in plants, especially responses to abiotic and biotic stresses.…”

“…The statement about which domain(s) compose the proteins is important to distinguish between these gene families. The consensus sequence of LSD domains in LSD proteins shows broad conservation (Cabreira et al 2013) and is required for protein-protein interactions (Coll et al 2010;He et al 2011a, b;Kaminaka et al 2006;Li et al 2013). The LSD domains contain conserved cysteine residues that allow the formation of the C2C2 arrangement (Cabreira et al 2013), essential for the nuclear localization of the protein (He et al 2011a).…”

“…The consensus sequence of LSD domains in LSD proteins shows broad conservation (Cabreira et al 2013) and is required for protein-protein interactions (Coll et al 2010;He et al 2011a, b;Kaminaka et al 2006;Li et al 2013). The LSD domains contain conserved cysteine residues that allow the formation of the C2C2 arrangement (Cabreira et al 2013), essential for the nuclear localization of the protein (He et al 2011a). The changes in LSD protein conformation mediated by the presence of a different number of LSD domains and the evolution mechanism that is involved in the generation of LSD proteins (containing one, two, or three LSD domains) remain unexplored.…”