“…Deposition of these materials on heat exchange surfaces can lead to loss of system efficiency, unscheduled shutdown, and ultimately to system failures or clogging of filters, obstruction of fluid flow, reduction in cooling efficiency, localized corrosion attack, wear of metal parts, and loss of production and economy 1–3. The scale formation depends on concentration of lattice forming ions, dissolved and suspended solids, pH, flow velocity, evaporation rate, pressure, etc 4, 5. Scales can be controlled by (1) altering the system design and operating parameters, (2) altering the nature of feed waters, and (3) using chemical treatment methods.…”