The link between thyroid autoimmunity (antithyroid peroxidase autoantibodies) with anxiety and mood disorders in the community: a field of interest for public health in the future

Carta, Mauro Giovanni; Loviselli, Andrea; Hardoy, Maria Carolina; Massa, Sergio; Cadeddu, M; Sardu, Claudia; Carpiniello, Bernardo; Dell’Osso, Liliana; Mariotti, Stefano

doi:10.1186/1471-244x-4-25

Cited by 131 publications

(106 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…Recently, some investigators found a relation between thyroid auto-antibodies and mood and depression in subjects with a normal thyroid function (19,20). However, this is not confirmed by others (41), which is in line with our results.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 75%

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Quality of life in patients with primary hypothyroidism related to BMI

Kelderman-Bolk

Visser

Tijssen

et al. 2015

European Journal of Endocrinology

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Objective: Many patients treated for primary hypothyroidism have an unexplained reduced quality of life (QOL). We studied the relation between QOL and various parameters in treated hypothyroid patients. Design and methods: QOL analysis was done in 90 consecutive patients (77.8% females) treated for primary hypothyroidism. QOL was measured by the questionnaires Short-Form 36, Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale and MFI20. Post hoc analysis was performed on the relation of QOL at baseline and BMI, thyroid hormones and other serum values. QOL in patients was also compared to the general population. Results: QOL was decreased compared to the general population. We found an inverse relationship between QOL and BMI. A relationship between QOL and serum thyroid parameters or auto-antibodies could not be found. Higher sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG) levels corresponded with a better QOL, which is explained by the negative association of SHBG with body weight and BMI. Conclusions: A decreased QOL in hypothyroid patients on thyroxine treatment is related to a higher body weight (BMI). Weight gain needs more attention in the treatment of hypothyroidism.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 75%

“…A correlation between thyroid auto-antibodies and mood and depression has already been described by some authors (19,20). Other factors, however, that we are still unaware of could contribute to the reduction in QOL of our hypothyroid patients.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 86%

Quality of life in patients with primary hypothyroidism related to BMI

Kelderman-Bolk

Visser

Tijssen

et al. 2015

European Journal of Endocrinology

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“…134 Taken together, studies of the HPT in MDD show evidence of altered activity of the HPT axis in some cases of depression, including (1) increased total and/or free T4, without T3 alterations; 128 (2) reduction in serum T4 concentration during a wide range of somatic treatments; 128,135 (3) increased TSH in 2-2.6% of patients; 125,129 (4) excessive response of TSH to the TRH challenge test in 10% and a blunted response in 25% of the patients; [135][136][137] and (5) high levels of antithyroid antibodies. 124,128,138,139 Some speculate that the mechanism of T4 increase with blunted TSH response to TRH reflects glucocorticoid activation of hypothalamic neurons. Bruhn et al 140 found that exposure of hypothalamic cultured fetal rats to glucocorticoids increased the genetic expression of TRH.…”

Section: Neuroendocrine Dysregulations In Patients With Mddmentioning

confidence: 99%

Brain-immune interactions and disease susceptibility

2005

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Many studies have established the routes by which the immune and central nervous (CNS) systems communicate. This network of connections permits the CNS to regulate the immune system through both neuroendocrine and neuronal pathways. In turn, the immune system signals the CNS through neuronal and humoral routes, via immune mediators and cytokines. This regulatory system between the immune system and CNS plays an important role in susceptibility and resistance to autoimmune, inflammatory, infectious and allergic diseases. This review focuses on the regulation of the immune system via the neuroendocrine system, and underlines the link between neuroendocrine dysregulation and development of major depressive disorders, autoimmune diseases and osteoporosis.

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“…1 Carta and colleagues 1 are of the opinion that if these findings are confirmed in future, it may be advisable to systematically screen for mood disorders in patients with anti-thyroid peroxidase antibodies, and also evaluate for thyroid diseases and thyroid autoimmunity in patients with mood disorders. For now, it remains critical that clinicians have a high index of suspicion for mood disorders that may be secondary to a general medical condition.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…1,3 This prevalence, in concert with the suggested association between autoimmune thyroid disease and psychiatric disorders, makes it important to properly diagnose and treat this condition. The chronology of symptom presentation made it difficult to draw a conclusive association between our patient's mental disorder and her thyroid dysfunction.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%