The Lipid-lowering Effects and Associated Mechanisms of Dietary Phytosterol Supplementation

Dumolt, Jerad H.; Rideout, Todd C

doi:10.2174/1381612823666170725142337

Cited by 36 publications

(39 citation statements)

References 104 publications

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“…Some phytosterols may be added to food (usually margarine), and they compete with cholesterol as regards intestinal absorption and can thereby lower LDL cholesterol [38]. It has been reported that phytosterols reduce LDL levels and increase HDL in the blood and, thus, have a potential place in the treatment of hyperlipidaemia [39,40,41]. A potential source of the phytosterols in the present study could be the yeast in the tablets containing yeast selenium.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Significant Changes in Metabolic Profiles after Intervention with Selenium and Coenzyme Q10 in an Elderly Population

et al. 2019

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Selenium and coenzyme Q10 (SeQ10) are important for normal cellular function. Low selenium intake leads to increased cardiovascular mortality. Intervention with these substances with healthy elderly persons over a period of four years in a double-blind, randomised placebo-controlled prospective study showed reduced cardiovascular mortality, increased cardiac function, and a lower level of NT-proBNP. Therefore, we wanted to evaluate changes in biochemical pathways as a result of the intervention with SeQ10 using metabolic profiling. From a population of 443 healthy elderly individuals that were given 200 µg selenium and 200 mg coenzyme Q10, or placebo daily for four years, we selected nine males on active intervention and nine males on placebo for metabolic profiling in the main study. To confirm the results, two validation studies (study 1 n = 60 males, study 2 n = 37 males) were conducted. Principal component analyses were used on clinical and demographic data to select representative sets of samples for analysis and to divide the samples into batches for analysis. Gas chromatography time-of-flight mass spectrometry-based metabolomics was applied. The metabolite data were evaluated using univariate and multivariate approaches, mainly T-tests and orthogonal projections to latent structures (OPLS) analyses. Out of 95 identified metabolites, 19 were significantly decreased due to the intervention after 18 months of intervention. Significant changes could be seen in the pentose phosphate, the mevalonate, the beta-oxidation and the xanthine oxidase pathways. The intervention also resulted in changes in the urea cycle, and increases in the levels of the precursors to neurotransmitters of the brain. This adds information to previous published results reporting decreased oxidative stress and inflammation. This is the first-time metabolic profiling has been applied to elucidate the mechanisms behind an intervention with SeQ10. The study is small and should be regarded as hypothesis-generating; however, the results are interesting and, therefore, further research in the area is needed. This study was registered at Clinicaltrials.gov, with the identifier NCT01443780.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Significant Changes in Metabolic Profiles after Intervention with Selenium and Coenzyme Q10 in an Elderly Population

et al. 2019

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“…The mechanism of action involved in lowering the cholesterol is that it increases the faecal excretion of cholesterol by reducing the absorption of it. Also, it lowers the triglyceride levels in liver and plasma, both 56 . Another study also revealed the mechanism of phytosterol action as inhibiting the absorption of cholesterol and increase excretion of it 57 .…”

Section: Pharmacological Potentials Of Moringa Oleiferamentioning

confidence: 98%

Untitled

2020

IJPSR

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Moringa oleifera, a miracle plant, is praised for beneficial health nutrients and has potential cholesterol-lowering activity. Almost all the parts of the Moringa oleifera plant have potential bioactivity. The main active constituents of Moringa oleifera are flavonoids, alkaloids, phenols, vitamins, minerals, proteins, glycosides, Glucosinolates and Isothiocyanates, terpenes, saponins, tannins, and many more. The Moringa oleifera has potent activity towards various ailments such ascancer, diabetes, inflammatory, antibacterial properties, cardiovascular diseases, and many more. Hyperlipidemia is referring to the increase in the level of lipid in plasma, and that leads to cardiovascular diseases. Antihyperlipidemic activity of Moringa oleifera is reported to be due to phytochemicals such as flavonoids, phytosterols, and phenols. This review mainly focuses on the pharmacological role of Moringa oleifera in the treatment of hyperlipidemia. The present article also describes the bioactive constituents of Moringa oleifera and its therapeutic activity. INTRODUCTION: Hyperlipidemia an abnormal elevation of excess fatty substances called lipids, largely cholesterol and triglycerides, in the blood and common risk factor for cardiovascular diseases as a person with hyperlipidemia is about twice probable to develop coronary heart disorders 1, 2. The major causes are obesity, genetic diseases, dietary diseases, diabetes, etc. High lipid concentration elevates atherogenesis and leads to hyperlipidemia 3. Apart from this, there are other types of hyperlipidemia, which include Hypertriglyceridemia and blended hyperlipidemia, in which both cholesterol, fatty substance (lipids), and triglycerides levels are raised.

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“…Numerous studies have been reported that β-sitosterol administration has the potential to reduce cholesterol levels (Sugano et al, 1977;Lei et al, 2017;Suganya et al, 2017). Its cholesterol-reduction mechanism has several theories, but the most widely proposed was to reduce dietary cholesterol absorption and interfere with intestinal transport (Dumolt and Rideout, 2018). Furthermore, the reduction of dietary cholesterol absorption is possible due to the cholesterol displacement by β-sitosterol in bile acid micellar formation (Jesch and Carr, 2006), thereby limiting cholesterol uptake in the small intestine and increasing fecal excretion.…”

Section: Figure 3: the Ghmbcad Correlations Of Compoundmentioning

confidence: 99%

Anti-hypercholesterolemic agent from Indonesian rice bran

Aziz

Elfahmi

Soemardji

et al. 2019

ijrps

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This research was conducted to determine the total oryzanol content of various extracts and bioassay-guided isolation of active anti-hypercholesterolemic agent from Indonesian rice bran. Hot solvent extraction was done by reflux method using single and binary solvents, namely hexane, chloroform, ethyl acetate, dichloromethane, isopropanol, acetone, hexane-ethyl acetate (1:1, v/v), hexane-isopropanol (1:1, v/v), and chloroform-ethyl acetate (1:1, v/v). TLC densitometric was used to quantitatively analyze the total oryzanol content in various extracts. The hexane extract was selected for fractionation and evaluated for their anti-hypercholesterolemic activity. The structure of an isolated compound was determined on the basis of NMR and Mass spectroscopy. The total oryzanol content was obtained using various solvents ranging from 27.92 to 43.59 mg/100g rice bran, in which hexane extract showed the highest amount (43.59 ± 3.36 mg/100g rice bran). β-sitosterol has been isolated from rice bran hexane extract, which shows a significant decrease in serum total cholesterol level. In summary, hexane is the best solvent to extract oryzanol compound using reflux method, and β-sitosterol was suspected to be responsible for anti-hypercholesterolemic activity in addition to existing compound such as oryzanol that contained in the rice bran.

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The Lipid-lowering Effects and Associated Mechanisms of Dietary Phytosterol Supplementation

Cited by 36 publications

References 104 publications

Significant Changes in Metabolic Profiles after Intervention with Selenium and Coenzyme Q10 in an Elderly Population

Significant Changes in Metabolic Profiles after Intervention with Selenium and Coenzyme Q10 in an Elderly Population

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Anti-hypercholesterolemic agent from Indonesian rice bran

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