The long road to achieving equity: Job accessibility restrictions and overlapping inequalities in the city of São Paulo

Slovic, Anne Dorothée; Tomasiello, Diego Bogado; Giannotti, Mariana Abrantes; Andrade, María de Fátima; Nardocci, Adelaide Cássia

doi:10.1016/j.jtrangeo.2019.06.003

Cited by 66 publications

(53 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…This vulnerability enhances the importance for New York, Paris, Los Angeles, and São Paulo to foster integrated environmental health approaches when developing interventions in times of health crises and in general. Transport interventions are key to increasing accessibility and lowering segregation [ 43 ], and also to reducing air pollution. COVID-19 represents a unique opportunity to switch habits to more sustainable alternatives and include safety measures for those who rely on public transport.…”

Section: Potential Benefits and Other Impactsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Air Quality during COVID-19 in Four Megacities: Lessons and Challenges for Public Health

Connerton

Assunção

Miranda

et al. 2020

IJERPH

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The study described in this manuscript analyzed the effects of quarantine and social distancing policies implemented due to the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic on air pollution levels in four western megacities: São Paulo in Brazil; Paris in France; and Los Angeles and New York in the United States. The study investigated the levels of four air pollutants—Carbon monoxide (CO), Ozone (O3), Fine Particulate (PM2.5) and Nitrogen dioxide (NO2)—during the month of March 2020, compared to 2015–2019, in the urban air of these metropolitan areas, controlling for meteorological variables. Results indicated reductions in the levels of PM2.5, CO and NO2, with reductions of the latter two showing statistical significance. In contrast, tropospheric ozone levels increased, except in Los Angeles. The beneficial health effects of cleaner air might also help prevent deaths caused by the epidemic of COVID-19 in megacities by diminishing pressure on hospitals and health equipment. Future actions for the re-starting of non-essential economic activities in these cities should take into consideration the overall importance of health for the individual, as well as for societies.

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Section: Potential Benefits and Other Impactsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Air Quality during COVID-19 in Four Megacities: Lessons and Challenges for Public Health

Connerton

Assunção

Miranda

et al. 2020

IJERPH

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“…Numerous accessibility measures, ranging from simple to sophisticated, can be found in the GIS-based accessibility modeling literature. e widely used accessibility measures in the research are travel time/distance measures [29], cumulative opportunity measures [30], gravity-based measures [31], two-step floating catchment area (2SFCA) measures [32], etc. e cumulative opportunity model is chosen to measure the accessibility.…”

Section: Measures Of Healthcare Accessibilitymentioning

confidence: 99%

GPS Trajectory-Based Spatio-Temporal Variations of Traffic Accessibility under Public Health Emergency Consideration

Dong

Liu

Sun

et al. 2021

Journal of Advanced Transportation

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Medical services are essential to public concerns and living qualities. Facing new public health events, the spatio-temporal variation of healthcare accessibility can be different, which is ignored in the previous accessibility studies. In this paper, we study the spatio-temporal variation of healthcare accessibility and residents’ accessibility to the designated hospitals under public health emergencies such as COVID-19. Metropolitan Beijing is chosen as the study area. Then, we analyze the spatial disparity and the temporal variation and measure the matching degree between healthcare accessibility and population density. From the perspective of epidemic prevention, we evaluate the medical capacity of the designated hospitals. The autocorrelation method is used to analyze the spatial correlation of residents’ accessibility to designated hospitals in the study area. A conclusion can be drawn that 74.14% grids in the study area have proportionate population density and healthcare accessibility. We find that the 5th Medical Center has sufficient medical resources, and Puren hospital is less affected by time. Moreover, the result of residents’ accessibility to the designated hospitals presents a pattern of high-value aggregation in the arterial road neighborhood. At the same time, the peripheral areas show a trend of low-value aggregation. The research in healthcare accessibility can provide a reference for policymakers in medical service development and public emergency management.

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“…As a result, marginalised populations are forced to relocate to places where housing is somewhat affordable, often peri‐urban areas or informal settlements. This relocation to peripheral areas of the city increases transport costs and commuting times, and reduces disposable income and access to public services (Hernandez, 2018; Slovic et al, 2019). It is the norm for peri‐urban and rural populations living in remote areas but dependent on urban markets to spend several hours a day moving to and from urban centres.…”

Section: Spatial Dimensions Of Inequality and Precarity In Latin Americamentioning

confidence: 99%

Inequality and the Socioeconomic Dimensions of Mobility in Protests: The Cases of Quito and Santiago

Pabón

Ludeña

2021

Global Policy

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Mobility is a multifaceted concept with social, economic and political implications. This article reflects on the role of mobility and its relation to precarity in the emergence of protests in both Quito (Ecuador) and Santiago (Chile) in 2019 by examining the interplay between mobility and inequality. It argues that the announced increases in transport and fuel costs in Chile and Ecuador exposed obstacles to spatial and social mobility and existing inequalities. Although the protests arose in response to the announced reduction in fuel subsidies and possible increases in transport costs, we propose that they reflect a deeper issue, relating to the vulnerability of the livelihoods of significant segments of the population, despite the fact that both Quito and Santiago have seen improvements in several poverty and inequality indicators in recent years. We discuss how mobility and geography relate to patterns of structural marginalisation that are not necessarily evident from aggregate economic indicators, and how understanding inequality in terms of the ‘right to the city’ and access to public services explain the protests in both countries as a response to existing segregation and deep‐seated inequalities.

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The long road to achieving equity: Job accessibility restrictions and overlapping inequalities in the city of São Paulo

Cited by 66 publications

References 37 publications

Air Quality during COVID-19 in Four Megacities: Lessons and Challenges for Public Health

Air Quality during COVID-19 in Four Megacities: Lessons and Challenges for Public Health

GPS Trajectory-Based Spatio-Temporal Variations of Traffic Accessibility under Public Health Emergency Consideration

Inequality and the Socioeconomic Dimensions of Mobility in Protests: The Cases of Quito and Santiago

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